Investigating a novel fMRI cannabis cue reactivity task in youth

Karoly, Hollis C.; Schacht, Joseph P.; Meredith, Lindsay R.; Jacobus, Joanna; Tapert, Susan F.; Gray, Kevin M.; Squeglia, Lindsay M.

doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.015

Cited by 40 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…This would suggest that altered reward responsivity is not a predisposition among CAN+ALC-SUD but rather a consequence of use. However, an exaggerated neural response to alcohol and cannabis images in limbic regions has been observed among alcohol-using adolescents and young adults [36,37,53]. A possible reason for our discrepant finding could be differences in characteristics defining each sample.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

“…For example, participants in the present study used both alcohol and cannabis. Reward circuitry among alcohol and cannabis users may differ from individuals who only consume alcohol and/or cannabis like those in the previously mentioned investigation [36,37]. Future examination of reward circuitry in single-and multi-substance users with a larger sample could help to elucidate this question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…For example, dysfunctional interoceptive processing may result in substance users seeking out and consuming drugs in order to reduce uncomfortable interoceptive states. Neuroimaging research suggests that drug cues activate brain regions similar to those activated by aversive interoceptive stimuli; cannabis cues elicit activation in parahippocampal gyri and various frontal regions among non-treatment-seeking cannabis-using adolescents [36]. Adolescents who primarily use alcohol also demonstrate an exaggerated neural response within frontal regions including IFG, parahippocampus, amygdala, and posterior cingulate in response to cue images [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Adolescents Use Substances to Relieve Uncomfortable Sensations? A Preliminary Examination of Negative Reinforcement among Adolescent Cannabis and Alcohol Users

et al. 2020

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Alcohol and cannabis use are highly prevalent among adolescents and associated with negative consequences. Understanding motivations behind substance use in youth is important for informing prevention and intervention efforts. The present study aims to examine negative reinforcement principles of substance use among adolescent cannabis and alcohol users by pairing a cue reactivity paradigm with an aversive interoceptive stimulus. Adolescents (ages 15–17), classified as controls (CTL; n = 18), cannabis and/or alcohol experimenters (CAN+ALC-EXP; n = 16), or individuals meeting clinical criteria for cannabis and/or alcohol use disorder (CAN+ALC-SUD; n = 13) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during which they experienced an aversive interoceptive probe delivered via breathing load while simultaneously performing a cue reactivity paradigm. Participants also provided self-report ratings of how their substance use is positively or negatively reinforced. While experiencing the breathing load, CAN+ALC-SUD exhibited greater (p < 0.05) deactivation in the right amygdala, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus than CAN+ALC-EXP and CTL, who did not differ. Across all substance users, activation during the breathing load within the left parahippocampal gyrus negatively correlated with cannabis and alcohol lifetime use episodes and the left inferior frontal gyrus activity negatively correlated with lifetime alcohol use episodes. CAN+ALC-SUD reported experiencing more positive and negative reinforcement of using their substance of choice than CAN+ALC-EXP; both user groups reported higher levels of positive than negative reinforcement. Adolescents with a cannabis/alcohol use disorder demonstrate an altered response to interoceptive perturbations. However, adolescent cannabis/alcohol use does not appear to be driven by negative reinforcement, as viewing substance images did not dampen this response. Based on self-report data, the experience of positive reinforcement may be stronger for adolescents. Future studies should examine whether positive reinforcement contributes to adolescent substance use.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 62%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Adolescents Use Substances to Relieve Uncomfortable Sensations? A Preliminary Examination of Negative Reinforcement among Adolescent Cannabis and Alcohol Users

et al. 2020

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“…The 21-item version of the DASS was administered to assess depression, anxiety, and stress symptomology (Lovibond and Lovibond 1995). The Customary Drinking and Drug Use Record structured interview (Brown et al 1998), modified to include additional cannabis and nicotine questions (Jacobus et al 2018;Karoly et al 2019a;Karoly et al 2019b), was used to assess history of substance use and substance-related problems. For the purposes of this study, current nicotine use was defined as the use of an NTP more than once per month during the previous year.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of nicotine and cannabis co-use during adolescence and young adulthood on white matter cerebral blood flow estimates

et al. 2020

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Rationale Co-use of cannabis and nicotine is common among adolescents/young adults and is associated with poorer psychological and physical outcomes, compared with single substance use. Little is known about the impact of co-use on the developing brain. Objectives Preliminary investigation of the effects of nicotine on white matter (WM) cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adolescents/ young adults and its potential moderation by cannabis use. Methods Adolescent/young adult (16-22 years old) nicotine and tobacco product users (NTP; N = 37) and non-nicotine users (non-NTP; N = 26) underwent a neuroimaging session comprised of anatomical, optimized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling, and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Groups were compared on whole-brain WM CBF estimates and their relation to past-year cannabis use. Follow-up analyses assessed correlations between identified CBF clusters and corresponding fractional anisotropy (FA) values. Results Group by cannabis effects were observed in five clusters (voxel-wise alpha < 0.001, cluster-wise alpha < 0.05; ≥ 11 contiguous voxels): non-NTP exhibited positive correlations between CBF and cannabis use in all clusters, whereas no significant relationships were observed for NTP. Greater CBF extracted from one cluster (including portions of right superior longitudinal fasciculus) was associated with reduced FA for non-NTP group only. Conclusions This is the first investigation of WM health as indexed by CBF, and its association with FA, in adolescents/young adults with nicotine and/or cannabis use. Results suggest that cannabis use by itself may be related to increased CBF in WM fiber tracts demonstrating poorer structural intergrity, yet the occurrence of even infrequent NTP use (greater than once per month) appears to diminish this relationship.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive Correlates of Adolescent Cannabis Use: an Overview of Neural Activation Patterns in Task-Based Functional MRI Studies

Coronado

Wade

Aguinaldo

et al. 2020

J Pediatr Neuropsychol

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Alcohol and cannabis use are highly prevalent among adolescents and associated with negative consequences. Understanding motivations behind substance use in youth is important for informing prevention and intervention efforts. The present study aims to examine negative reinforcement principles of substance use among adolescent cannabis and alcohol users by pairing a cue reactivity paradigm with an aversive interoceptive stimulus. Adolescents (ages 15-17), classified as controls (CTL; n = 18), cannabis and/or alcohol experimenters (CAN+ALC-EXP; n = 16), or individuals meeting clinical criteria for cannabis and/or alcohol use disorder (CAN+ALC-SUD; n = 13) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during which they experienced an aversive interoceptive probe delivered via breathing load while simultaneously performing a cue reactivity paradigm. Participants also provided self-report ratings of how their substance use is positively or negatively reinforced. While experiencing the breathing load, CAN+ALC-SUD exhibited greater (p < 0.05) deactivation in the right amygdala, the left inferior frontal gyrus, and the left parahippocampal gyrus than CAN+ALC-EXP and CTL, who did not differ. Across all substance users, activation during the breathing load within the left parahippocampal gyrus negatively correlated with cannabis and alcohol lifetime use episodes and the left inferior frontal gyrus activity negatively correlated with lifetime alcohol use episodes. CAN+ALC-SUD reported experiencing more positive and negative reinforcement of using their substance of choice than CAN+ALC-EXP; both user groups reported higher levels of positive than negative reinforcement. Adolescents with a cannabis/alcohol use disorder demonstrate an altered response to interoceptive perturbations. However, adolescent cannabis/alcohol use does not appear to be driven by negative reinforcement, as viewing substance images did not dampen this response. Based on self-report data, the experience of positive reinforcement may be stronger for adolescents. Future studies should examine whether positive reinforcement contributes to adolescent substance use.

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Investigating a novel fMRI cannabis cue reactivity task in youth

Abstract: Cannabis-using youth show more activation to cannabis cues than non-cannabis cues in brain regions underlying incentive salience, reward, and visual attention. This task could be useful for future studies examining neural underpinnings of reward processes in adolescent cannabis users.

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

Do Adolescents Use Substances to Relieve Uncomfortable Sensations? A Preliminary Examination of Negative Reinforcement among Adolescent Cannabis and Alcohol Users

Do Adolescents Use Substances to Relieve Uncomfortable Sensations? A Preliminary Examination of Negative Reinforcement among Adolescent Cannabis and Alcohol Users

The effects of nicotine and cannabis co-use during adolescence and young adulthood on white matter cerebral blood flow estimates

Neurocognitive Correlates of Adolescent Cannabis Use: an Overview of Neural Activation Patterns in Task-Based Functional MRI Studies

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