Investigating a race model account of executive control in rats with the countermanding paradigm

Beuk, Jonathan; Beninger, R J; Paré, Martin

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.014

Cited by 12 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…To develop a rodent-appropriate version of the SST, we incorporated two key elements in the primate SST that have not been consistently incorporated in other rodent SSTs: stopping the preparation of an action instead of stopping an ongoing movement (Eagle and Robbins, 2003a,b; Bari et al, 2011; Beuk et al, 2014), and the inclusion of multiple SSDs within a session (Eagle and Robbins, 2003a,b; Leventhal et al, 2012; Schmidt et al, 2013). Specifically, each trial was initiated by rats inserting their nose into a fixation port and waiting for an auditory go signal (Figure 1).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Having demonstrated that rats exhibited reactive inhibitory control similar to primates, we further examined whether rats also employed proactive control strategies in the SST by adjusting the speed of their responses based on the outcome of previous trials (Emeric et al, 2007; Li et al, 2008b; Verbruggen and Logan, 2009; Ide and Li, 2011; Pouget et al, 2011; Bissett and Logan, 2012; Ide et al, 2013; Beuk et al, 2014). To this end, we first compared RTs in two Go trials (G 1 , G 2 ) interleaved with either a Go trial (G), a failure-to-stop trial (F), a failure-to-wait trial (W), or a successful stop trial (S) as percent changes relative to G1 (Figure 7A) or as median-normalized RTs (Figure 7B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These converted Stop trials were not included when determining the percentage of attempted reward collection in failure-to-stop errors (Figure 3B) and in the analysis of proactive inhibitory control (Figure 7), where only trials with stop signal presentation were included. Previous studies in rodents have treated these trials similarly by omitting stop signal presentation and rewarding fast go responses (Eagle and Robbins, 2003a; Beuk et al, 2014), with the exception of one study which did not address these trials directly (Schmidt et al, 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only sessions with at least five trials for each of these four types of trial sequences were included in analyses ( n = 184/257 sessions). The RT difference between G 2 and G 1 was reported as percent change in RT to quantify response adjustments (Beuk et al, 2014). In addition, G 1 and G 2 RTs were normalized to the median Go trial RT in order to examine absolute RT changes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, important differences exist between current rodent and primate SSTs and pose a major challenge in comparing the two literatures. For example, while primates typically need to cancel the initiation of an action, rodents are commonly required to inhibit an ongoing movement (Eagle and Robbins, 2003a; Bari et al, 2011; Bryden et al, 2012; Beuk et al, 2014). Furthermore, while primate SSTs typically use multiple stop signal delays (SSDs), the intervals between go and stop signal onset, many rodent tasks employ only a single SSD (Leventhal et al, 2012; Schmidt et al, 2013), encouraging rats to adopt an alternative timing strategy in anticipation of the highly predictable stop signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in rats

et al. 2014

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Inhibiting actions inappropriate for the behavioral context, or inhibitory control, is essential for survival and involves both reactively stopping the current prepared action and proactively adjusting behavioral tendencies to increase future performance. A powerful paradigm widely used in basic and clinical research to study inhibitory control is the stop signal task (SST). Recent years have seen a surging interest in translating the SST to rodents to study the neural mechanisms underlying inhibitory control. However, significant differences in task designs and behavioral strategies between rodent and primate studies have made it difficult to directly compare the two literatures. In this study, we developed a rodent-appropriate SST and characterized both reactive and proactive control in rats. For reactive inhibitory control, we found that, unlike in primates, incorrect stop trials in rodents result from two independent types of errors: an initial failure-to-stop error or, after successful stopping, a subsequent failure-to-wait error. Conflating failure-to-stop and failure-to-wait errors systematically overestimates the covert latency of reactive inhibition, the stop signal reaction time (SSRT). To correctly estimate SSRT, we developed and validated a new method that provides an unbiased SSRT estimate independent of the ability to wait. For proactive inhibitory control, we found that rodents adjust both their reaction time and the ability to stop following failure-to-wait errors and successful stop trials, but not after failure-to-stop errors. Together, these results establish a valid rodent model that utilizes proactive and reactive inhibitory control strategies similar to primates, and highlight the importance of dissociating initial stopping from subsequent waiting in studying mechanisms of inhibitory control using rodents.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in rats

et al. 2014

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Efficacy of inhibitory control depends on procrastination and deceleration in saccade planning

Indrajeet

Ray

2020

Exp Brain Res

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A novel continuous inhibitory-control task: variation in individual performance by young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

et al. 2017

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Inhibitory control enables subjects to quickly react to unexpectedly changing external demands. We assessed the ability of young (8 weeks old) pheasants Phasianus colchicus to exert inhibitory control in a novel response-inhibition task that required subjects to adjust their movement in space in pursuit of a reward across changing target locations. The difference in latencies between trials in which the target location did and did not change, the distance travelled towards the initially indicated location after a change occurred, and the change-signal reaction time provided a consistent measure that could be indicative of a pheasant’s inhibitory control. Between individuals, there was a great variability in these measures; these differences were not correlated with motivation either to access the reward or participate in the test. However, individuals that were slower to reach rewards in trials when the target did not change exhibited evidence of stronger inhibitory control, as did males and small individuals. This novel test paradigm offers a potential assay of inhibitory control that utilises a natural feature of an animal’s behavioural repertoire, likely common to a wide range of species, specifically their ability to rapidly alter their trajectory when reward locations switch.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10071-017-1120-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Investigating a race model account of executive control in rats with the countermanding paradigm

Cited by 12 publications

References 62 publications

Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in rats

Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in rats

Efficacy of inhibitory control depends on procrastination and deceleration in saccade planning

A novel continuous inhibitory-control task: variation in individual performance by young pheasants (Phasianus colchicus)

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