Investigating disease susceptibility and the negative correlation of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis focusing on MIF and CD14 gene polymorphisms

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene: Influence on rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility

“…Data ranging from lack of influence of the MIF gene in adult RA predisposition [21,22] to a role of this gene either in severity [17,18] or in susceptibility [19,20] to the disease have been published, and impelled us to study two polymorphic markers in the promoter region of the gene. The data point toward a susceptibility effect of the MIF gene in our population, given that the Ϫ173C allele yielded a significant difference between RA patients and healthy controls.…”

“…Two of them found a role of the MIF polymorphisms with RA severity in adults from the United States and the Netherlands [17,18], whereas two other studies reported changes in disease susceptibility [19,20]. Moreover, in two studies, a lack of association with RA has been reported, although in one of them the power of the study could be compromised, as they tested both MIF polymorphisms in a small cohort (from Germany) [21,22]. Considering all these apparently contradictory results, we endeavored to replicate the association of these MIF polymorphisms in a well-powered adult RA cohort from an independent population.…”

Aspirin: a review of its neurobiological properties and therapeutic potential for mental illness

“…These findings not only imply a genetic component, with family members having a higher chance of developing such autoimmune disease, but indicate a putative shared immune pathogenesis of psychiatric disorder and organ-specific auto-immunity. Although organ-specific autoimmune diseases have been reported to have a higher prevalence in patients with schizophrenia, there are also numerous reports of a negative co-occurrence of schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis, which is a systemic autoimmune disorder, and the underlying immune mechanism is as yet unknown [65]. A number of autoantibodies are significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia compared with controls, especially those related to autoimmune responses directed against neuronal targets [66-68].…”

Association of MIF−173G/C and MBL2 codon 54 gene polymorphisms with rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis

“…Studies correlated with the MIFÀ173G/C, MBL2 codon 54 gene polymorphisms and RA are presented in Table 1 [7,14,20,21,26,29,[36][37][38][39]. There are ten relevant studies met the inclusion criteria.…”

“…It is released by macrophages and activated T-lymphocytes, up-regulates the pro-inflammatory actions of these cells [7,8], and stimulates them to produce a wide range of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, IL-8, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), as well as promotes tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven responses [9]. In studies of activated human or murine cells, MIF specifically counteracted the glucocorticoid-induced suppression of inflammatory cytokine secretion in activated macrophages (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) [10].…”