Investigating Distance Knowledge Using Virtual Environments

Jansen-Osmann, Petra; Berendt, Bettina

doi:10.1177/0013916502034002002

Cited by 44 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The survey views of the three routes resembled those of the original study by Sadalla and Magel (1980) and its replication in a virtual environment (Jansen-Osmann & Berendt, 2002;Jansen-Osmann & Wiedenbauer, 2004). They are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Only in a within-participants design did 11-year-old children and adults underestimate a route with less turns in comparison with a route of equal length with more turns. This proved to be a stable finding across at least three different measurement methods: Ratio-estimation technique, route-drawing technique, and reproduction technique (Jansen-Osmann & Berendt, 2002;Jansen-Osmann & Wiedenbauer, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

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Distance cognition in virtual environmental space: Further investigations to clarify the route-angularity effect

Jansen-Osmann

Wiedenbauer

2004

Psychological Research

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Two experiments with 72 participants in total investigated the route-angularity effect. This effect is shown when a greater number of turns along a route increase the estimated length of this route. In this study it was shown that the route-angularity effect is likely to be a memory-based effect depending on task difficulty. The important factor seems to be how heavily memory is loaded during learning. The route-angularity effect even appears in intentional learning, when memory is loaded heavily. Under this learning condition participants know beforehand that they have to estimate distances. All experiments were conducted in a controlled virtual environment, which allows a reliable investigation of distance estimations in environmental space.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Distance cognition in virtual environmental space: Further investigations to clarify the route-angularity effect

Jansen-Osmann

Wiedenbauer

2004

Psychological Research

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“…Moreover, it has been suggested that both the complexity of the visual environment and rate of biomechanical effort, and visual information differences between studies, may explain why some studies using direct learning have found turn effects whereas others have not (see, e.g., Herman et al, 1986). The benefit of the new methodology is that the elimination of visual information and locomotive variation provides a pure test of a turning effect, providing confirmatory support that turning does affect memory for distance (see also Jansen-Osmann & Berendt, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Action and the representation of distance in cognitive maps acquired through imagined traversal: The development of a new methodology

Bugmann

Coventry

2008

Memory & Cognition

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A new methodology examined the effects of action on memory for traversed distance using an imagined route traversal task. Blindfolded participants learned environments through auditory verbal description, imagining themselves walking in synchronization with metronome beats. Participants were turned during traversals, and performed an action at midroute. Memory for the newly learned environments was tested through recall (measured with metronome beats). Experiments 1–3 indicated that the number (but not amplitude) of turns while imagining walking a set distance leads to an increase in perceived distance at recall. Additionally, Experiment 2 found that rewalked distance immediately prior to performing an action at midroute was greater than rewalked distance immediately after action. However, Experiment 3 established that the effect was due to time spent at midroute rather than action per se. The similarity between spatial representation derived from imagined traversal and real traversal, and the relationship between distance and time estimation are discussed

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“…Mental measurements of path lengths are often not accurate and are more often subjectively derived through other qualitative measurements. Distance in spatial representation is not encoded in terms of metric distances but in a schematic measure such as cognitive storage space, cognitive time or cognitive effort (Jansen-Osman and Berendt, 2002). Among the environmental factors, having been indicated to have a correlation with cognitive distance, the number of junctions and landmarks along the route can be referred to, increasing of which contributes to increasing the cognitive distance along the path (Sadalla and Staplin, 1980).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Sense of Progression and Cognitive Distance on Path Choice and Walking Behavior While Aiming To Reach Destination

Paydar¹,

Ramezani²

2010

American J. of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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Problem statement: Studies focused on walking behavior have indicated the relationship of different factors of built environment with walking to reach destination and walking for recreation. Furthermore, according to literature on path choice behavior, there is a relationship between walking behavior and path choice of pedestrians. Empirical studies on path choice behavior have also shown that the effects of different environmental variables on path choice vary with the purpose of the trip; whether recreational purposes or work-related walking trips. However there is a necessity to theoretically understand why consideration of purpose of the trip is important in studies of walking as well as path choice behavior. Furthermore, since reaching the destination is the most important travel purpose in daily activities, the environmental variables related to walking to reach the destination as well as path choice when aiming to reach destination need special consideration, if the goal is to encourage walking in daily basis. Approach: This study, therefore, relied on literature review to find answer to the research questions. Two concepts of instrumental and divertive behavior were used to answer the first research question. Research proceeded with making an effort to extract and introduce the main environmental variables related to walking and path choice of pedestrians when aiming to reach the destination. Results: Based on the definition of instrumental and divertive behavior, the necessity of consideration of purpose of the trip and its effects on environmental variables affecting walking as well as path choice behavior were theoretically verified. Moreover, two factors of cognitive distance and sense of progression were found to be the most important factors affecting walking and path choice behavior while aiming to reach destination. The physical features contributing to creation of sense of progression were also extracted and introduced. It is also suggested that sense of progression affects walking and path choice behavior through affecting cognitive distance and generating positive affective responses. Conclusion: It is suggested that future empirical studies be conducted to support the hypothesized relationships extracted and introduced in this study. Such studies would contribute to planning and design of urban spaces which would encourage walking in a daily basis.

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Investigating Distance Knowledge Using Virtual Environments

Abstract: route with more turns was overestimated. The results show that desktop virtual environments are a valid and economic research tool.

Cited by 44 publications

References 23 publications

Distance cognition in virtual environmental space: Further investigations to clarify the route-angularity effect

Distance cognition in virtual environmental space: Further investigations to clarify the route-angularity effect

Action and the representation of distance in cognitive maps acquired through imagined traversal: The development of a new methodology

The Effects of Sense of Progression and Cognitive Distance on Path Choice and Walking Behavior While Aiming To Reach Destination

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