Investigating dual drug loaded PLGA nanocarriers for improved efficacy in endometritis therapeutics

Abstract

Modern endometritis therapeutics may require an extremely precise and controlled drug release system. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres loaded with two different drugs like amoxicillin and vancomycin were prepared and their efficacy in management of endometritis in murine model was examined. Such biological nanocarriers are need of the hour since they are biodegradable, cytocompatible, hemocompatible and easily formulated. The sizes of the drug loaded PLGA microspheres ranged from 65-100 nm. The electron microscopy images depicted them as uniform spherical structures. The zeta potential and polydispersity index were calculated and the in vitro release investigation indicated steady drug release over a period of 50 h at effective dosage. The drug loaded nanocarriers were found with be cytocompatible and hemolysis test elaborated that they met with hemolysis rate safety requirements. The murine models were induced with endometritis by intravaginal administration of bovine uterine isolates. The mice were sacrificed and histopathogical examination of the endometrial slides stained with haematoxylin and eosin revealed that the drug loaded PLGA nanospheres helped in reducing acute endometritis in mice in a very short time. This study thereby demonstrated well described synthesis approach of drug loaded PLGA nanospheres which may be further be transferred to preclinical laboratory studies.

Effect of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polymer nanoparticles loaded with vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus biofilm

“…Additionally, the length of the sonication has an impact on particle size. According to the results of Rui et al, [ 30 ] the particle size in our investigation decreased as the sonication period increased. PDI indicates the degree of heterogeneity of particle size in a colloidal system [ 41 ].…”

“…Therefore, with vancomycin encapsulation in PLGA, cellular toxicity was reduced. In the study by Rui et al [ 30 ] the cell viability percentage at the concentration of 100 µg/mL PLGA-VAN was higher than that of Free-VAN. In our study, after investigating the characteristics of synthesized nanodrugs using agar well diffusion, MIC, and evaluating their ability to inhibit biofilm formation, their antimicrobial activity was evaluated.…”

“…To make the samples suitable for biological studies involving bacteria and cell lines, they underwent lyophilization at -80 ˚C using a vacuum pump (Christ, China) equipped with a condenser flow. Subsequently, the lyophilized nanoparticles were reconstituted in a solution and sterilized using 450 nm filters [ 29 , 30 ].…”

“…Using nano Zetasizer device (Malvern Devices, Worcestershire, United Kingdom), the particle size, zeta potential, and PDI were assessed at intervals of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 months following lyophilization. At the same time, a spectrophotometer was used to calculate how much vancomycin was injected into the nanoparticles [ 30 ].…”