Investigating Effects of Water Conditioning on the Adhesion Properties of Crack Sealant

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of water exposure on three different crack sealants commonly used in cold, moderate and hot climates. It is hypothesized that water penetrates into the interface between crack sealant and substrates causing progressive adhesion failure and that the rate of failure varies depending on the sealant's surface chemistry as relates to its interaction with water molecules in different environmental conditions. Accordingly, this paper measures the change in sealant's adhesion strength and surface energy before and after water conditioning. To study adhesion strength and its change due to water conditioning, three different types of sealant were tested using Direct Adhesion Tester (DAT). It was found that the adhesion strength of all three crack sealants reduces due to water exposure. In addition, to evaluate the surface properties and water phobicity of each sealant, the contact angle between a droplet of water and sealant surface was measured before and after conditioning at different temperature. The objective of the latter experiment was to determine whether sealants susceptibility to water would vary with pavement surface temperature. To do so, a sessile drop method utilizing FTA-1000 was used to determine the contact angle for each of the aforementioned water-sealant pairs at different temperatures. The results obtained were further used to calculate the work of adhesion at each scenario to be correlated to mechanical adhesion strength measured with DAT.

Machine Motion Equations Presented in a New General Format

“…Longitudinal axis of the tube Diametrically central axis Mavukkandy et al, 2016;Yeargin et al, 2016;Madani and Dababneh, 2016;Alhasanat et al, 2016;Elliott et al, 2016;Suarez et al, 2016;Kuli et al, 2016;Waters et al, 2016;Montgomery et al, 2016;Lamarre et al, 2016;Daud et al, 2008;Taher et al, 2008;Zulkifli et al, 2008;Pourmahmoud, 2008;Pannirselvam et al, 2008;Ng et al, 2008;El-Tous, 2008;Akhesmeh et al, 2008;Nachiengtai et al, 2008;Moezi et al, 2008;Boucetta, 2008;Darabi et al, 2008;Semin and Bakar, 2008;Al-Abbas, 2009;Abu-Ein, 2009;Opafunso et al, 2009;Semin et al, 2009a;2009b;2009c;Zulkifli et al, 2009;Marzuki et al, 2015;Bier and Mostafavi, 2015;Momta et al, 2015;Farokhi and Gordini, 2015;Khalifa et al, 2015;Yang and Lin, 2015;Chang et al, 2015;Demetriou et al, 2015;Rajupillai et al, 2015;Sylvester et al, 2015;Ab-Rahman et al, 2009;…”

Characterization of Hot-Applied Joint Sealants and Their Components in Terms of Their Chemical Composition and Basic Performance Properties

“…They are used to seal cracks in the surface and to supplement expansion joints, as well as to fix small distresses. Their properties must be adapted to the nature of the job, the location where they will be used in the surface structure, and the effects of external factors [2][3][4]. The subject of the research in this article concerns a selection of the properties of hot-applied joint sealants, which are a type of thermoplastic material that requires heating and melting before application.…”

“…Countries such as Canada and the United States use the ASTM [6] standards for the quality control of crack and joint sealants [4], resulting in a different classification to that used in European countries. This document specifies the maximum flow and cone penetration specifications for each of the four types (I-IV) of crack sealants.…”

“…One of the basic parameters for joint sealants that must be ensured is good adhesion to various types of surfaces [4]. Cao E. et al [2] investigated three environmental factors, namely temperature, water, and contamination, to determine the effects of adverse environmental exposures on the various crack sealants commonly used in hot and moderate climates; they used a tensile test to illustrate adhesion failure between the sealant and the crack wall.…”