“…It also has the potential to hinder the growth of surrounding species due to its allelopathic properties and deep root system, the latter which quickly extracts moisture from the soil (Menges, 1987). These weedy characteristics have resulted in A. palmeri dominating agroecosystems within several countries, where it now causes severe environmental and economic damage (Bensch et al, 2003; Briscoe Runquist et al, 2019; Kanatas et al, 2021; Küpper et al, 2017; Mennan et al, 2021; Milani et al, 2021; Sukhorukov et al, 2021). Exacerbating this global problem is the identification of herbicide resistance in several A. palmeri populations in Argentina, Brazil, Israel, Mexico, Spain, Turkey and the United States of America, involving several herbicide mechanisms of action, with examples including acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides (cloransulam‐ethyl, cloransulam‐methyl, imazethapyr, foramsulfuron, iodosulfuron‐methyl‐Na, metsulfuron‐methyl, nicosulfuron, rimsulfuron, trifloxysulfuron‐Na), synthetic auxins (2,4‐D, dicamba), 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor (glyphosate), 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors (HPPD) (mesotrione), photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors (atrazine), protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (acifluorfen), tubulin inhibitors (dinitroaniline, trifluralin) and long chain fatty acid inhibitors (LCFA) (metolachlor) (Berger et al, 2016; Culpepper et al, 2006; Heap, 2021; Küpper et al, 2017, 2018; Mennan et al, 2021; Norsworthy et al, 2008; Torra et al, 2020; Wise et al, 2009).…”