Investigating Risk Factors for Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults According to WHO's Risk Factor Model for Falls

Qian, Xing Xing; Chau, Pui Hing; Kwan, Chi Wai; Lou, Vivian Wq; Leung, Ada; Ho, Mandy; Fong, Daniel Tik-Pui; Chi, Iris

doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1539-5

Cited by 18 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Falls are a major global public health challenge, causing a substantial and increasing health and economic burden on older adults and society at large [1][2][3]. The World Health Organization (WHO) developed a model that categorizes fall risk factors into four dimensions: biological, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental [1]. Of these, behavioral factors have the highest impact on fall frequency [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The World Health Organization (WHO) developed a model that categorizes fall risk factors into four dimensions: biological, socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental [1]. Of these, behavioral factors have the highest impact on fall frequency [1]. Accordingly, lifestyle behavioral changes, such as increasing physical activity, have the potential to prevent falls [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Elboim-Gabyzon

Buxbaum

Klein

2021

IJERPH

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improves functional capacity, muscle power and physical performance in older adults with and without comorbidities. The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of HIIT as a method for reducing major fall risk factors (balance, muscle strength and physical activity) in older adults. A systematic literature search was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. A computerized search was conducted using electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, APA PsycInfo, Web of Science, Scopus, PEDro, and AgeLine) published up to July 2021. Eleven papers (9 studies) of moderate quality (mean of 5.5 in Pedro scale) involving 328 healthy older adults met the inclusion criteria. Studies were characterized by high heterogeneity in terms of methodology, HIIT modality and protocol, subject characteristics, and outcome measures. Results indicate that HIIT cannot be recommended as a single modality for fall prevention in older adults due to insufficient data and no consensus among the studies. HIIT appears to be a safe and well-tolerated supplement to proven fall prevention programs, due to its effects on lower limb strength reflected in functional performance tests, and on dynamic balance and subjective balance perception. However, caution is warranted following HIIT, especially after the first session, due to possible temporary instability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Elboim-Gabyzon

Buxbaum

Klein

2021

IJERPH

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“…These locations were selected following a rise in the number of falls involving resident older adults, who reported at the Physiotherapy unit of the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital. On assessment, several important risk factors of falls were identified in the communities and related to poor person-environment fit/built environment (especially the lack of sidewalks and unpaved roads in the villages causing slips and trips), and poor accessibility [36,37], dizziness/vestibular diseases, [38,39] history of falls, gait impairments (arthritis), use of walking aids, vertigo, and use of antidepressants/sedatives [37,40,41], smoking/tobacco use [42], alcohol consumption [43], diabetes [40,44], among others. Consequently, the research team planned a rural health education outreach programme on risk factors for falls and fall prevention strategies among older adults in the area.…”

Section: Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Ibeneme

Eze

Okonkwo³

et al. 2022

BMC Geriatr

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Background Systematic reviews demonstrated that gait variables are the most reliable predictors of future falls, yet are rarely included in fall screening tools. Thus, most tools have higher specificity than sensitivity, hence may be misleading/detrimental to care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the validity, and reliability of the velocity field diagram (VFD -a gait analytical tool), and the Timed-up-and-go test (TUG)-commonly used in Nigeria as fall screening tools, compared to a gold standard (known fallers) among community-dwelling older adults. Method This is a cross-sectional observational study of 500 older adults (280 fallers and 220 non-fallers), recruited by convenience sampling technique at community health fora on fall prevention. Participants completed a 7-m distance with the number of steps and time it took determined and used to compute the stride length, stride frequency, and velocity, which regression lines formed the VFD. TUG test was simultaneously conducted to discriminate fallers from non-fallers. The cut-off points for falls were: TUG times ≥ 13.5 s; VFD’s intersection point of the stride frequency, and velocity regression lines (E1) ≥ 3.5velots. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curves (AUC) was used to explore the ability of the E1 ≥ 3.5velots to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers. The VFD’s and TUG’s sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were determined. Alpha was set at p < 0.05. Results The VFD versus TUG sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV were 71%, 27%, 55%, and 42%, versus 39%, 59%, 55%, and 43%, respectively. The ROC’s AUC were 0.74(95%CI:0.597,0.882, p = 0.001) for the VFD. The optimal categorizations for discrimination between fallers/non-fallers were ≥ 3.78 versus ≤ 3.78 for VFD (fallers versus non-fallers prevalence is 60.71% versus 95.45%, respectively), with a classification accuracy or prediction rate of 0.76 unlike TUG with AUC = 0.53 (95% CI:0.353,0.700, p = 0.762), and a classification accuracy of 0.68, and optimal characterization of ≥ 12.81 s versus ≤ 12.81 (fallers and non-fallers prevalence = 92.86% versus 36.36%, respectively). Conclusion The VFD demonstrated a fair discriminatory power and greater reliability in identifying fallers than the TUG, and therefore, could replace the TUG as a primary tool in screening those at risk of falls.

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“…A large number of studies have demonstrated that falls among older people result from diverse and complex causes [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Most falls occur in mobile activities such as walking, running, hiking or climbing, and changing directions [ 11 , 12 , 13 ] because of poor mobility [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Lower Extremity Motor Capacity and Foot Plantar Pressure in Overweight and Obese Elderly Women

Liu

Kang

Wang

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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Background: Overweight, obesity and falls are major public health problems and old people are the biggest group suffering falls. Methods: 92 females were divided into the overweight or obesity (O) group (68.85 ± 3.85) and regular-weight (R) group (67.90 ± 4.02). Lower extremity motor capacity and plantar pressure were compared between the two groups. The IRB approval number is 20190804. Results: (1) Functional Movement Screen and Fugl-Meyer Assessment scores in the O group were significantly lower than in the R group. The time to complete the Timed Up and Go test in the O group was significantly longer than in the R group. (2) Foot flat phase, double support distance, and left foot axis angle in the O group were significantly higher than in the R group. Distance and velocity, left-foot minimum subtalar joint angle and right-foot maximum subtalar joint angle in the O group were significantly shorter than in the R group. (3) Peak force, average force and pressure of metatarsal 1–4, mid-foot, heel medial and lateral, peak pressure of metatarsal l, midfoot, heel medial and lateral in the O group were significantly higher than in the R group. (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Overweight and obese elderly women have a lower sensorimotor function, flexibility and stability in functional movements, but higher loads on the foot.

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Investigating Risk Factors for Falls among Community-Dwelling Older Adults According to WHO's Risk Factor Model for Falls

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Fall Risk Factors in Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review

Evaluating the discriminatory power of the velocity field diagram and timed-up-and-go test in determining the fall status of community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional observational study

Analysis of Lower Extremity Motor Capacity and Foot Plantar Pressure in Overweight and Obese Elderly Women

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