Investigating the BSA protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion of Al‐alloy surfaces after creating a hierarchical (micro/nano) superhydrophobic structure

Abstract

Bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on metals such as aluminum (Al) alloys lead to serious issues in biomedical and industrial fields from both an economical and health perspective. Here, we showed that a careful manipulation of Al surface characteristics via a facile two-steps superhydrophobic modification can provide not only biocompatibility and an ability to control protein adsorption and bacterial adhesion, but also address the issue of apparent long-term toxicity of Al-alloys. To find out the roles of surface characteristics, surface modification and protein adsorption on microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, the surfaces were systematically characterized by SEM, EDX, XPS, AFM, FTIR, water contact angle (WCA) goniometry, surface free energy (SFE) measurement, MTT, Bradford, Lowry and microtiter plate assays and also flow-cytometry and potentiostat analyses. Results showed that WCA and SFE changed from 70° to 163° and 36.3 to 0.13 mN m(-1) , respectively. The stable and durable modification led to a substantial reduction in static/dynamic BSA adsorption. The effect of such a treatment on the biofilm formation was analyzed by using three different bacteria of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The microtiter plate assay and flow cytometry analysis showed that the modification not only could substantially reduce the bacterial adhesion but this biofouling resistance is independent of bacterium type. An excellent cell viability after exposure of HeLa cells to waters incubated with the modified samples was observed. Finally, the corrosion rate reduced sharply from 856.6 to 0.119 MPY after superhydrophobic modifications, which is an excellent stable corrosion inhibition property. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2220-2233, 2016.

Bacterial and mammalian cells adhesion to tantalum‐decorated micro‐/nano‐structured titanium

“…Besides, good anticorrosion properties would possibly originate from the stable Ta 2 O 5 protective films formed on substrata . From a biomimetic viewpoint, the Ta‐modified micro/nano‐structured surface would facilitate osseointegration since it has better mimicked the natural bone structures . Furthermore, its surface roughness belonged to the “moderately rough” category, which would favor bone‐to‐implant contact .…”

<p>Nanoporous solid-state membranes modified with multi-wall carbon nanotubes with anti-biofouling property</p>

“…The overnight bacterial suspensions were diluted with fresh and sterilized MHBM to adjust the half-McFarland standards by measuring the absorbance at 625 nm. 35 The specimens were sterilized with ethanol 75% and were dried near the flame. Then, unmodified and modified membranes were immersed inside the test tubes comprising a suspension of bacteria and were incubated for 10 days.…”

Biosynthesis and characterization of a novel, biocompatible medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate by Pseudomonas mendocina CH50 using coconut oil as the carbon source

“…Increased protein adsorption could also indicate higher biocompatibility They confirmed that biofilm formation could be prevented by modifying surface characteristics via coatings or by introducing anti-adhesion properties. Additionally, low surface energy coupled with nano textured morphology of the biomaterial surface could reduce bacterial attachment [54].…”