Investigating the degradability of polyethylene using starch, oxo‐material, and polylactic acid under the different environmental conditions

Panahi, Lotfollah; Gholizadeh, Mortaza; Hajimohammadi, Reza

doi:10.1002/apj.2402

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The biodegradation of samples was assessed during optical oxidative degradation. Due to the complexity of the biodegradation process and many factors affecting this process, various methods have been reported by researchers and some standards have been developed in this area [ 81 , 82 , 83 ]. However, applying them into practice often requires the use of special equipment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Poly (Ethylene glycol) Emulation on the Degradation of PLA/Starch Composites

et al. 2021

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As a hydrophilic renewable polymer, starch has been widely used in biocompatible plastics as a filler for more than two decades. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG), as a plasticizer, on the physicochemical properties of a hybrid composite—polylactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic starch (TPS). A solvent evaporation process was adopted to gelatinize the starch and disparate PEG contents ranging from 3 to 15 wt.% (with respect to the sample weight) were examined. It was revealed that the increase in the PEG content was accompanied by an increment in the starch gelatinization degree. Referring to the microstructural analyses, the TPS/PLA mixture yielded a ductile hybrid composite with a fine morphology and a uniform phase. Nevertheless, two different solvents, including acetone and ethanol, were used to assess if they had any effect on the hybrid’s morphology, tensile strength and thermal properties. It was found that ethanol culminated in a porous hybrid composite with a finer morphology and better starch distribution in the PLA structure than acetone. As the result of PEG addition to the composite, the crystallinity and tensile strength were decreased, whereas the elongation increased. The hydrolytic degradation of samples was assessed under different pH and thermal conditions. Moreover, the microbial degradation of the PLA/TPS hybrid composite containing different PEG molar fractions was investigated in the soil for 45 days. The rate of degradation in both hydrolytic and biodegradation increased in the samples with a higher amount of PEG with ethanol solvent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Poly (Ethylene glycol) Emulation on the Degradation of PLA/Starch Composites

et al. 2021

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“…Generally, the molecular weight should be much smaller than the virgin plastics. This means that a drastic decrease in the molecular weight of polyolefins must happen as a condition for later biotic mineralization 51‐54 . It is worth mentioning that the fragmented material biodegradation fate is a great concern because they may undergo other structure changes like crosslinking, resulting in a lack of biodegradation by the microorganism.…”

Section: Oxo Bio‐degradable Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐ and oxo‐degradable plastics: Insights on facts and challenges

Abdelmoez

Dahab

Ragab

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The global accumulation of single‐use plastic bags made from nonbiodegradable plastics is the most concerning environmental issue nowadays. The utilization of biodegradable materials is a choice to reduce the environmental impact resulting from the use of plastic products. The utilization of renewable resources to produce fully biodegradable plastics is among the technologies used to overcome petroleum plastic's negative impact. On the other hand, the utilization of oxo‐biodegradable plastics where prodegradant additives are incorporated in conventional plastics to promote their degradation under certain conditions has recently received much attention. This review discusses the types and challenges that face the implementation of biodegradable plastics technology that uses renewable resources. This review also covers the debate addressed in the literature about the biodegradability fate of oxo‐biodegradable plastic in the air, compost, soil, landfill, and marine. A comparative study included the potential published literature in the last 10 years was performed. Based on the discussed evidence in this review, it can be concluded that all literature agrees that the addition of pro‐oxidant/prodegradants can accelerate the degradation of oxo‐plastics to small fragments. However, the complete biodegradation of oxo‐plastics by microorganisms remains in doubt. On the other hand, biopolymers produced from natural resources seem to be the future direction for plastics manufacturing especially single‐use plastic bags.

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“…Plastics are cheap to manufacture and could be easily transformed into different products, which brings great convenience and comfort to our everyday life. However, the plastics like polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are frequently used for making beverage bottles, packaging, electronics, etc 1‐5 . It was reported that in 2017 the production amount of PET was 30.3 million tons 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate over zeolite catalyst: Characteristics of coke and the products

Ataei

Atashi

et al. 2021

Int J Energy Res

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Summary Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is highly used in the packaging industry, which triggered the pile‐up of a huge amount of waste in the environment. Catalytic pyrolysis can convert PET waste into fuel in solid, liquid, and gaseous products. In this study, the catalytic pyrolysis of PET granules in the presence of zeolite (A4 type) was studied. The results indicated that zeolite could remarkably influence the yields, properties, and compositions of the products by affecting the secondary and primary reactions. The yields of H2 and light hydrocarbons increased in the gaseous product due to the higher rate of dehydrogenation and cracking reactions catalyzed by the zeolite catalyst. In addition, the zeolite catalyst could crack down wax and char, increasing the yields of gas and tar while simultaneously reducing the yield of acids and aromatics inside the tar. The obtained char from the catalytic pyrolysis was more aliphatic and less aromatic, but the formation of the graphite‐type structure was enhanced. The coke, containing oxygen‐rich aliphatic species and aromatics, deposited on the catalyst, blocked pores, and significantly reduced the activity of the catalyst. In addition, the contents of metals increased on the surface of the zeolite catalyst due to the migration of inorganics from PET.

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Investigating the degradability of polyethylene using starch, oxo‐material, and polylactic acid under the different environmental conditions

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

The Effect of Poly (Ethylene glycol) Emulation on the Degradation of PLA/Starch Composites

The Effect of Poly (Ethylene glycol) Emulation on the Degradation of PLA/Starch Composites

Bio‐ and oxo‐degradable plastics: Insights on facts and challenges

Catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate over zeolite catalyst: Characteristics of coke and the products

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