Investigating the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover

Mohammed, Ibrahim; Na, Risu; Kushima, Keisuke; Shimizu, Naoto

doi:10.3390/su12125100

Cited by 40 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…However, the present study focuses on the HTL of wood chips, so we did not examine the gaseous components in detail. Other groups conducting similar research confirmed that the yield of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane in the gas fraction are higher at supercritical conditions than at subcritical conditions [2].…”

Section: Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 82%

“…Similarly, hydroelectric power generation is impacted by hydrology and geomorphology. In contrast, energy sources derived from biomass do not face any of these shortcomings [2]. Biomass is plant or animal material that can be used (1) to generate electrical or thermal energy, or (2) as the raw material in various industrial manufacturing processes [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, energy sources derived from biomass do not face any of these shortcomings [2]. Biomass is plant or animal material that can be used (1) to generate electrical or thermal energy, or (2) as the raw material in various industrial manufacturing processes [3]. The most notable advantages of using biomass for energy-related purposes are its abundance, availability, and carbon-neutral nature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of wood chips under supercritical and subcritical water reaction conditions

2021

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This work describes batch-type hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) treatments of conifer wood chips at 180–425 °C, under either air or nitrogen atmosphere. Such experiments allow efficient extraction of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and other valuable chemical substances, such as glycolic acid and acetic acid, from the lignocellulosic biomass. These compounds and their decomposition products present in the samples after HTL are analyzed and quantified using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques. In general, the relatively higher-pressure nitrogen atmospheric condition is more suitable for obtaining the desired products, relative to the air atmosphere. Based on the quantitative results, the optimal temperatures for producing acetic acid, glycolic acid, and HMF are 300 °C, 250 °C, and 180 °C, respectively. The interesting relationship between HMF yield and temperature is also discussed; as the temperature increases, the yield of HMF first decreases and then increases. This phenomenon is explained by the exothermic nature of the HMF decomposition reaction, which is inhibited by excessively high temperature (in the range from 380 to 425 °C). At moderately high temperatures (optimized conditions; 300 °C), the generation rate of HMF exceeds its decomposition rate, resulting in a high yield of HMF. Based on the results of the experiments conducted in this study, the decomposition mechanism describing HTL treatment of wood chips can be elucidated. This study therefore provides guidance for future work involving HMF extraction from lignocellulosic biomass.

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Section: Mass Balancementioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrothermal liquefaction of wood chips under supercritical and subcritical water reaction conditions

2021

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“…The process parameters were selected in accordance to different literature reports [3,25,26], which concluded that a 1:8 ratio enhances the decomposition reaction, which leads to a higher mass loss and heating value when compared to lower ratios. Additionally, Mohammed et al (2020) [27] reported an optimal HTC process biomass/water ratio of 0.114 (~1:8) for lignocellulose waste biomass. According to Mäkelä et al (2015), [10] reaction temperature governs HTC reactions and has 3-7 times more effect on the products' properties than residence time; thus, the scope of this article focused on the temperature effect of the HTC on the studied samples.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Carbonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

2021

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A modern pulp mill generates a variety of different by-products and waste streams, some of these can be recycled, refined, sold, or used on-site for energy production. However, some, such as chemical and biological sludges produced in wastewater treatment cannot be reused or disposed of easily, mainly due to their high moisture content and poor drying characteristics. Tightening legislation regarding waste disposal as well as the growing need to increase the process efficiencies of pulp mills act as driving forces to find environmentally friendly and energy-efficient techniques for pulp mill sludge treatment. This study summarizes the current methods for pulp mill sludge handling and evaluates the potential of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a conversion process through which wet organic substrates can be transformed into a carbonaceous material (hydrochar). Depending on the process parameters, the material’s structure is modified, enabling hydrochar use in energy, soil conditioning and adsorption applications. The sludges were hydrothermally carbonized at 180, 200, 220 and 240 °C for 3 h. The hydrochar and liquid products’ main properties were analyzed. Their potential applications were also evaluated. The effective treatment of sludges from the pulp industry with HTC could transform energy-demanding waste into a value-added source of materials.

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“…After analyzing the results of the one-factor experiment, response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to establish the relationship between CU (Christiansen's uniformity coefficient) values and three factors based on the analysis results of the one-factor experiment. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a collection of mathematical and statistical techniques for investigating the problems in which several independent variables have on response variables [21,22]. RSM aims at building a regression model (approximation) that is closest to the true regression model.…”

Section: Experiments Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving Water Distribution Uniformity by Optimizing the Structural Size of the Drive Spoon Blades for a Vertical Impact Sprinkler

Tang

Chao

2020

Sustainability

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The aim of this study is to improve the water distribution uniformity of a vertical impact sprinkler and explore the design method of the drive spoon blades. The width of straight blades (h1), the width of curved blades (h2) and number of blades (s) were chosen as the experiential variables. The suitable ranges of three variables for response surface method were determined initially by one-factor experimental design method, and 17 different drive spoons were designed according to response surface methodology. The results showed that in the one-factor experimental condition, the CU (Christiansen’s uniformity coefficient) values first increased and decreased slightly when h1 exceeded 3 mm with the increase of h1 within the variation range of the experimental factor. The CU values firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of h2. The CU values decreased rapidly when s was less than 3 or greater than 6. The relationship between CU values and h1, h2 and s was established using response surface methodology. The p-values for h1, h2 and s were 0.0359, 0.0092, 0.0212, and all of the selected factors were significant on CU. The order of parameters affecting CU were h2, h1 and s. The ideal parameters for the drive spoon blades were h1 = 6 mm, h2 = 4 mm, and s = 3. CU was greatly improved after the optimization of structure for the drive spoon blades, which increased to 87.96% from 73.12%. After optimization, the application rates within 1 to 5 m were improved and increased from 10% to 15% with an average of 10.7% under different operating pressures. The maximum application rates decreased from 9.3, 9.3, 9.4 and 8.4 mm·h−1 to 8.5, 8.4, 8.5 and 7.9 mm·h−1 with operating pressures of 300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa, respectively. The maximum application rates in the overlap area were decreased from 18, 16, 16 and 15 mm·h−1 to 16, 14, 14 and 12 mm·h−1 with operating pressures of 300, 400, 500 and 600 kPa, respectively.

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Investigating the Effect of Processing Parameters on the Products of Hydrothermal Carbonization of Corn Stover

Cited by 40 publications

References 50 publications

Hydrothermal liquefaction of wood chips under supercritical and subcritical water reaction conditions

Hydrothermal liquefaction of wood chips under supercritical and subcritical water reaction conditions

Hydrothermal Carbonization of Chemical and Biological Pulp Mill Sludges

Improving Water Distribution Uniformity by Optimizing the Structural Size of the Drive Spoon Blades for a Vertical Impact Sprinkler

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