Abstract. Bivalves record seasonal environmental changes in their
shells, making them excellent climate archives. However, not every bivalve
can be used for this end. The shells have to grow fast enough so that micrometre-
to millimetre-sampling can resolve sub-annual changes. Here, we investigate
whether the bivalve Angulus benedeni benedeni is suitable as a climate archive. For this, we use ca.
3-million-year-old specimens from the Piacenzian collected from a
temporary outcrop in the Port of Antwerp area (Belgium). The subspecies is
common in Pliocene North Sea basin deposits, but its lineage dates back to
the late Oligocene and has therefore great potential as a high-resolution
archive. A detailed assessment of the preservation of the shell material by
micro-X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, and electron backscatter
diffraction reveals that it is pristine and not affected by diagenetic
processes. Oxygen isotope analysis and microscopy indicate that the species
had a longevity of up to a decade or more and, importantly, that it grew
fast and large enough so that seasonally resolved records across multiple
years were obtainable from it. Clumped isotope analysis revealed a mean
annual temperature of 13.5 ± 3.8 ∘C. The subspecies likely
experienced slower growth during winter and thus may not have recorded
temperatures year-round. This reconstructed mean annual temperature is
3.5 ∘C warmer than the pre-industrial North Sea and in line with
proxy and modelling data for this stratigraphic interval, further
solidifying A. benedeni benedeni's use as a climate recorder. Our exploratory study thus reveals
that Angulus benedeni benedeni fossils are indeed excellent climate archives, holding the potential
to provide insight into the seasonality of several major climate events of
the past ∼ 25 million years in northwestern Europe.