Investigating the influence of tourism on economic growth and carbon emissions: Evidence from panel analysis of the European Union

A nexus of linear and non‐linear relationships between tourism demand, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth: Theory and evidence

“…Support for the feedback hypothesis is also observed in the relationship between renewable energy consumption and tourism development, implying that these factors rely on each other for advancement. A causal link between tourism development and economic growth is found, which supports the tourism-led growth hypothesis (Lee & Brahmasrene, 2013;Tang et al, 2016) (Ajmi, Apergis, & Montasser, 2015). The results support our notion that the causal relationships are not the same across the countries in the panel.…”

“…The relationships between total energy consumption, economic growth, and tourism development have long been examined for different sets of countries, and a causal link between tourism development, economic growth, and energy consumption has already been established, supporting growth, conservation, feedback, or neutrality hypotheses (Lee & Brahmasrene, 2013). Stakeholders can develop effective policies and strategies regarding tourism expansion and environmental matters (Guy, Curtis, & Crotts, 1990) when causal relationships between tourism development, energy consumption, and economic growth have been determined.…”

Analyzing the Tourism–Energy–Growth Nexus for the Top 10 Most-Visited Countries

“…There are some earlier studies on energy consumption, the tourism sector and economic growth (Oh et al 2010;Akbostancı et al 2011;Liu et al 2011;O'Mahony et al 2012;Pardo et al 2012;Pace 2015;Moutinho et al 2015;Isik et al, 2017bIsik et al, , 2017a. We also discovered different works in the tourism literature that have examined the energy and CO 2 emissions (Liu et al 2011;Scott 2011;Wu and Shi 2011;Lee and Brahmasrene 2013;Lee and Kwag 2013;Katircioglu et al 2014).…”

“…Following studies Lee and Brahmasrene (2013), Tiwari et al (2013), Leon et al (2014), and Tang et al (2016) that focus on the link of tourism-energy-growth nexus, this study uses the following models where economic growth (Y) is the dependent variable, and energy consumption (EGY) and tourism are the independent variables. We used E-Views 8 econometric software for the estimations.…”

How strong is the linkage between tourism and economic growth in Europe?

“…For this reason, the European Union (EU) has placed much emphasis on the tourism sector as an engine of economic prosperity for its member countries (Lee and Brahmasrene, 2013), given that the tourism sector does not merely represent a significant revenue stream, but also a vital source of employment and entrepreneurial vitality. In a global scale, the tourism industry accounts for 5% of the world GDP and almost 30% of world exports of services (UNWTO, 2012a).…”