Investigating the out-of-roundness and pith-off-centre in stems of three broadleaved species in Hyrcanian forests

Fallah, Asghar; Riahifar, N.; Barari, Kambiz; Parsakhoo, Aidin

doi:10.17221/13/2012-jfs

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Similar results were observed by Mäkinen [66] as well as Kang and Lee [67]. Relationships between the pith eccentricity and the stem diameter for deciduous trees (alder, maple and oak) were reported by Fallah et al [68]. In the case of trees bordering the strip road, a directed influx of sunlight occurs, which can lead to an asymmetrical growth increment [69] and a greater degree of pith eccentricity, especially in the tree crown zone.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of Strip Roads in a Pine Tree Stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the Diameter Growth and Pith Eccentricity of Trees Growing along Them

Stempski

Jabłoński

Jakubowski

2021

Forests

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Although skid roads are more and more commonly used in Poland, they are still quite often criticised due to a certain loss of wood volume and the impact on edge trees. In this context, the results of the research described in this article can be used as a substantive contribution to discussions about strip roads. Research was carried out in a 42-year-old pine tree stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the Notecka Forest, where thinning had been performed and 2.5 and 3.5 m wide strip roads had been cut 10 years before. The analysis comprised two five-year periods recording diameter growth and pith eccentricity in trees growing at the distance zones of 0–1 m (adjacent trees), 2–4 m and 8–10 m (the control) away from the strip roads. The differences in growth and eccentricity between the different distance zones as well as the frequency of pith eccentricity in the N-W, S-W, N-E and S-E directions were assessed, related to the distance from the strip road and the measurement height. The measurements of the analysed traits were conducted on wood discs cut from the centres of two-metre-long sections on sample trees (12 trees in each distance zone). The trees growing directly beside the strip roads were statistically significantly thicker than those growing 8–10 m away, and in the case of the trees beside the narrower strip roads, in the second 5-year period, they were also thicker than the trees from the 2–4 m distance zone. The effect of the wider strip roads in the first growth period was also significant for the trees growing 3 m away from the strip road (their growth in this period was significantly greater than that of trees in the control zone). The research into tree-pith eccentricity showed no differences due to relative distance from the strip road. Furthermore, no statistically significant relationship between the distance of trees from the strip road, measurement height and frequency of tree-pith eccentricity to the N-W and S-W were found.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Effects of Strip Roads in a Pine Tree Stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the Diameter Growth and Pith Eccentricity of Trees Growing along Them

Stempski

Jabłoński

Jakubowski

2021

Forests

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“…Out-of-round index and pith eccentricity. The extent of a disk out of round was determined by calculating an index value adapted from Fallah et al (2012) which uses the maximum and the minimum inside bark diameters in a plane that included the pith of each disk as Out-of-round index…”

Section: Image Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image Analysis To Assess Wood Variability In Longleaf Pine Cross-Sectional Disks

Raut,

Dahlen

2023

WFS

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Image analysis is an important method for rapidly measuring wood property variation, but it is infrequently applied to disks collected from forestry studies. The objective of this study was to compare image-estimated wood and bark volumes and diameters to reference measurements, and to extract more information from the images including the shape (out-of-round index, eccentric pith) and the amount and location of severe compression wood. A total of 1120 disks were cut from multiple height levels of 48 defect-free and 56 defect-containing (forking, excessive sweep, and ramicorn branching) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) trees from 16 stands across Georgia (U.S.). Disks were machined on one transverse surface using a computer numeric controlled router to prepare a clean surface for imaging. Three images, one under white light, the second under blue light, and the third under blue light with a green longpass filter, were taken for each disk. Volumes and diameters estimated from images were in close agreement with reference methods. Linear models fitted as measured vs image volumes for wood and bark had coefficient of determination (R 2 ) values of .0.99 and 0.96. Linear models fitted as measured vs image diameters had R 2 values of .0.99. Out-of-round index and pith eccentricity values calculated from images showed a moderate positive correlation (R 5 0.43). Algorithms developed were able to correctly identify severe compression wood, but not mild-to-moderate compression wood. Severe compression wood was moderately correlated to out-of-round index (R 5 0.54) and pith eccentricity (R 5 0.48). More than 98% of the disks having severe compression wood came from defect-containing trees.

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“…The centre of the annual rings, also called pith, is one of the most important feature to be detected since it can be related to wood quality [1,8,20] and it allows to extract other features on log-end image [6,7,10,17] such as annual rings, ring widths, knots, heartwood and sapwood. In the literature, several methods have been proposed for pith detection on log cross-sections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pith Estimation on Tree Log End Images

Decelle¹,

Ngo²,

Debled-Rennesson³

et al. 2021

Reproducible Research in Pattern Recognition

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In this paper, we present an algorithm for pith estimation from digital images of wood cross-sections. The method is based on a probabilistic approach, namely ant colony optimization (ACO). After introducing the approach, we describe the implementation and the reproduction of the method linking to an online demonstration. Results show that the approach performs as well as state-of-the-art methods. The estimated pith is below 5mm from the ground truth. It is a fast method that could be used in real-time environment. This paper also gives the details about the intern parameter choice and shows how to use the C++ source code for testing, as well as provides limit cases of the proposed method and future improvements.

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Investigating the out-of-roundness and pith-off-centre in stems of three broadleaved species in Hyrcanian forests

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

Effects of Strip Roads in a Pine Tree Stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the Diameter Growth and Pith Eccentricity of Trees Growing along Them

Effects of Strip Roads in a Pine Tree Stand (Pinus sylvestris L.) on the Diameter Growth and Pith Eccentricity of Trees Growing along Them

Image Analysis To Assess Wood Variability In Longleaf Pine Cross-Sectional Disks

Pith Estimation on Tree Log End Images

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