Investigating the use of unconventional temperatures in supercritical fluid chromatography

A review of retention mechanism studies for packed column supercritical fluid chromatography

“…Losacco and Fekete investigated the influence of untraditional column temperatures on the retention of several compounds eluted in different percentages of modifiers using SFC. 84 The results from the study indicated that when low percentages of the modifiers were used, the use of low temperatures resulted in better column performance; however, when higher percentages of modifiers were used, the use of high temperatures got more advantages. Additionally, the isomeric separation of E/Z ‐endoxifen showed higher peak resolution when applying low temperature (–5°C).…”

“…However, the authors concluded that the effect of the temperature on the analyte retention depended on both the compounds and the stationary phases. Losacco and Fekete investigated the influence of untraditional column temperatures on the retention of several compounds eluted in different percentages of modifiers using SFC 84 . The results from the study indicated that when low percentages of the modifiers were used, the use of low temperatures resulted in better column performance; however, when higher percentages of modifiers were used, the use of high temperatures got more advantages.…”

“…The authors pointed out the most possible reason was the formation of multilayer adsorption of CO 2 on the stationary phase surface. Losacco et al concluded that depending on the modifier percentage, there were three retention behaviors happened in pSFC when the temperatures change 84 . Lesellier et al reported that when a significant proportion of water is used in the mobile phase, the analyte retention in RPLC was dominated only by the dispersive interaction and the hydrogen‐bond with proton acceptor interaction 13 .…”

“…Losacco et al concluded that depending on the modifier percentage, there were three retention behaviors happened in pSFC when the temperatures change. 84 Lesellier et al reported that when a significant proportion of water is used in the mobile phase, the analyte retention in RPLC was dominated only by the dispersive interaction and the hydrogen‐bond with proton acceptor interaction. 13 Whereas, despite the stationary phases and the mobile phase compositions, several types of interactions between the analytes and the stationary phases all contributed to the analyte retention in pSFC.…”

Application space for SFC in pharmaceutical drug discovery and development

“…One potential solution is to increase the column temperature to 50-70 °C to reduce mobile phase viscosity when high cosolvent percentages are reached, thus lowering the backpressures generated with sub-2 μm stationary phases. Moreover, higher temperatures have demonstrated improvement to the C-term of the van Deemter curve with a mobile phase predominant in the liquid modifier, following similar behavior to liquid chromatography [65]. A second strategy is to use a different morphology of silica particles, such as superficially porous particles (SPP) [66,67].…”