Investigation and analysis of power consumption in convenience stores in Taiwan

Chou, Ding-Chin; Chang, Ching-Shan; Hsu, Yong-Zhi

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.10.010

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The order of the energy ratio used by convenience stores in Thailand, ranked from high to low are refrigeration system, air conditioning system, electrical equipment, and lighting, respectively. However, for convenience stores in Taiwan, they are ranked as shown in Figure 1 below [3]. The best options for decreased energy consumption by convenience stores in Thailand, is recommended to be high energy efficiency and an efficient energy management system.…”

Section: Convenience Store Power Consumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

Saengsikhiao¹,

Taweekun²,

Maliwan³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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This study presents the energy saving characteristics of the R448A, instead of the R404A refrigeration system, in 5 convenience stores, with a total of 150 m 2 , situated in Central Thailand. The R448A hydrofluorocarbons/hydrofluoroolefins (HFCs/HFOs) (GWP=1390) is a non-azeotropic mixture of R32 (26%), R125 (26%), R1234yf (20%), R134a (21%) and R1234ze (E) (7%), which can be retrofitted to replace the R404A refrigeration system. The R404A hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) (GWP=3735) is a near azeotropic mixture of R125 (44%), R143A (52%), R134A (4%). Both refrigerants are composed of polyol ester oil (POE), are incombustible and non-toxic. The R448A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) and lower global warming potentials (GWP) than the R404A due to its hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 component and hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) R1234yf/R1234ze (E) component, as opposed to the R404A. This was determined by measuring power consumption (kWh) and the ambient temperature (°C) through the use of power meters and temperature data logger respectively. The result obtained was able to summarize the relationship of all the parameters concerned, and showed an energy-saving average of 7.9%, i.e. 28,273 kWh/year per 5 stores, and a decreased global warming potential (GWP) of 70%, through the use of a digital scroll compressor.

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Section: Convenience Store Power Consumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

Saengsikhiao¹,

Taweekun²,

Maliwan³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The order of the energy ratio used by convenience stores in Thailand, ranked from high to low are; refrigeration system, air conditioning system, electrical equipment, and lighting, respectively. However, for convenience stores in Taiwan, they are ranked as shown in Figure 1 below [2]. The best options for decreased energy consumption by convenience stores in Thailand, is recommended to be high energy efficiency and an efficient energy management system.…”

Section: Convenience Store Power Consumptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Performance Simulation of The New R463A HFC/HFO/Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant with Lower GWP, As an Alternate Option for The R404A Refrigeration System

Saengsikhiao

Taweekun

Maliwan

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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This study presents the performance simulation of the R463A that has been developed to be retrofitted to replace the R404A. The R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbon/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2). The R463A refrigerant (GWP=1494) is a non azeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). It is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and classified as a Class A1 incombustible and non-toxic refrigerant. The R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than the R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and also has a lower global warming potential (GWP) than the R404A due to the hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) by R1234yf. The properties of the R463A and R404A that uses the REFPROP and CYCLE_D-HX software, is in accordance to the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standard airconditioning , heating, and refrigeration institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a lower GWP value by 63% than the R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A, i.e. it can be used in a high ambient temperature environment, and emits a higher refrigerant effect and heat reject with a lower global warming potential (GWP) than the R404A by 52%, due to its hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) by R1234yf component. The COP of the R463A was found to be higher than the R404A by 10% under low temperature application.

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“…The components that contribute to energy consumption of convenience stores in Thailand, ranked from highest to lowest, are refrigeration systems, air-conditioning systems, electrical equipment, and lighting [3,4]. However, proportions of energy use in convenience stores in Taiwan were previously ranked as shown in Figure 1 below [5]. The best options for reducing energy consumption in convenience stores in Thailand are high energy efficiency and an efficient energy-management system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proportions of energy use in Taiwanese convenience stores[5].Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 18…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

et al. 2020

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This research presents the development of R463A refrigerant, a nonflammable refrigerant that was retrofitted to replace R404A. R463A is primarily composed of hydrofluorocarbons/hydrocarbons/carbon dioxide (HFCs/HCs/CO2), and has global-warming potential (GWP) of 1494. It is a nonazeotropic mixture of R32 (36%), R125 (30%), R134a (14%), R1234yf (14%), and R744 (6%). R463A is composed of polyol ester oil (POE), and it is classified as a Class A1 incombustible and nontoxic refrigerant. R463A has a higher cooling capacity (Qe) than that of R404A, as it is composed of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) R32 and carbon dioxide (CO2) R744, and has lower GWP than that of R404A due to the use of hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) from R1234yf. The results of this research showed that R463A can be retrofitted to replace R404A due to its composition of POE, Class A1 incombustibility, and lower toxicity. The properties of R463A and R404A, as analyzed using national institute of standards and technology (NIST) reference fluid thermodynamic and transport properties database (REFPROP) software and NIST vapor compression cycle model accounting for refrigerant thermodynamic and transport properties (CYCLE_D-HX) software, are in accordance with the CAN/ANSI/AHRI540 standards of the Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI). The normal boiling point of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 23%, with a higher cooling capacity and a 63% lower GWP value than that of R404A. The critical pressure and temperature of R463A were found to be higher than those of R404A; it can be used in a high-ambient-temperature environment, has higher refrigerant and heat-rejection effects, and has lower GWP than that of R404A by 52% due to the HFOs from the R1234yf component. The cooling coefficient of performance (COPc) of R463A was found to be higher than that of R404A by 10% under low-temperature applications. R463A is another refrigerant option that is composed of 7% carbon dioxide (CO2), and is consistent with the evolution of fourth-generation refrigerants that contain a mixture of HFCs, HFOs, HCs, and natural refrigerants, which are required to produce a low-GWP, zero-ozone-depletion-potential (ODP), high-capacity, low-operating-pressure, and nontoxic refrigerant.

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Investigation and analysis of power consumption in convenience stores in Taiwan

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

The Replacement of the R404A Refrigeration System with The Environmentally Friendly R448A, to Improve Convenience Store Energy Efficiency in Thailand

The Performance Simulation of The New R463A HFC/HFO/Carbon Dioxide Refrigerant with Lower GWP, As an Alternate Option for The R404A Refrigeration System

Investigation and Analysis of R463A as an Alternative Refrigerant to R404A with Lower Global Warming Potential

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