Investigation and sequence analysis of avian polyomavirus and psittacine beak and feather disease virus from companion birds in eastern Turkey

Abstract

IntroductionAvian polyomavirus (APV) and psittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) induce contagious and persistent diseases that affect the beaks, feathers, and immune systems of companion birds. APV causes hepatitis, ascites, hydropericardium, depression, feather disorders, abdominal distension, and potentially death. PBFDV can induce progressive beak deformity, feather dystrophy, and plumage loss. We conducted the first prevalence survey of both APV and PBFDV infections in companion birds in eastern Turkey.Material and MethodsA total of 113 fresh dropping samples from apparently healthy companion birds were collected in a random selection. The dropping samples were analysed for PBFDV and APV by PCR. Positive samples were sequenced with the Sanger method. The sequence was confirmed through alignment and the phylogenetic tree generated through the maximum likelihood method computationally.ResultsPBFDV and APV were detected in a respective 48.7% and 23.0% of samples. Coinfection was found in 12.4% of the samples, these all being from budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus). APV and PBFDV were detected in budgerigar and cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) samples.ConclusionThis report provides a foundation for future studies on the influence of these viruses on the health of companion birds. These high positive rates for both pathogens emphasise that healthy M. undulatus and N. hollandicus in eastern Turkey may be prone to the emergence and spread of APV and PBFDV with subclinical potential.

Molecular characteristics of Budgerigar fledgling disease polyomavirus detected from parrots in South Korea

“…The results indicated that the overall infection rate was 4.63% (10/217). Detections of BFDV were reported in Japan [ 14 ], Taiwan [ 15 ], Turkey [ 16 ], Italy [ 24 ], USA [ 31 ], and Poland [ 25 ] with a prevalence of 2.7%, 15.2%, 48.7%, 0.8%, 6.7%, and 22.2%, respectively. The prevalence of BFDV in South Korea in this study was within the prevalence worldwide (0.8%–48.7%), which was significantly lower than that of Taiwan, Turkey, and Poland, whereas slightly higher than that of Japan and Italy.…”

“…However, BFDV infection in adults is only associated with mild symptoms such as feather dystrophies (French molt) [ 9 13 ]. BFDV infection has been reported in several species of psittacine birds on almost every continent, including countries such as China [ 4 ], Japan [ 14 ], Taiwan [ 2 15 ], Turkey [ 16 ], Pakistan [ 17 ], Thailand [ 18 ], Australia [ 19 ], New Zealand [ 20 ], Egypt [ 21 ], Germany [ 22 ], Czech Republic [ 23 ], Italy [ 24 ], Poland [ 25 ], Chile [ 26 ], Costa Rica [ 27 ], and USA [ 28 ]. In Korea, the virus was first detected in an Alexandrine parakeet ( Psittacula eupatria ) in 2014 [ 29 ], and in an African gray parrot ( Psittacus erithacus ) that was co-infected with Psittacine beak and feather disease, as well as and Aspergillus fumigatus and BFDV in 2017 [ 30 ].…”

Infecção por circovírus em psitacídeos

“…O circovírus pode promover quadros de imunossupressão nas aves e facilitar a ocorrência de infecções secundárias (Phalen, 2006), de origem bacteriana ou viral, tais como Chlamydia psittaci (Sutherland et al, 2019), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Doneley, 2003) e poliomavírus, respectivamente (Schmidt et al, 2003;Bert et al, 2005;Phalen, 2006;Gibson et al, 2019). A presença de necrose irregular em células reticulares do baço, da bolsa cloacal e do timo (Phalen, 2006), indicam uma condição de imunossupressão permanente (Gerlach, 1994), que comumente resulta no óbito devido a presença de infecções secundárias (Bert et al, 2005;Adiguzel et al, 2020).…”

Alt solunum yolu enfeksiyonu olan köpeklerde canine coronavirusun tespiti ve moleküler karakterizasyonu

“…Tarihsel süreçte pet ya da çiftlik hayvanlarında birçok türü enfekte edebilecek viral ajanların bulunabileceği görülmüştür. Bunlar hayvanları, insanları, bitkileri ve hatta bakterileri dahi enfekte edebilmektedir (23). Bu viral ajanlar yeni ve yeniden önem kazanan viruslar olarak insan ve hayvan sağlığını her zaman tehdit edebilmektedir.…”