Investigation into Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness characteristics of flax/basalt reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites

Almansour, F. A.; Dhakal, Hom Nath; Zhang, Zhongyi

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.11.016

Cited by 82 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…The work carried out by Fiore et al [17] using basalt fibre as external hybridising material in flax/epoxy composites reported that because of a hybrid effect there was a significant improvement in flexural and impact properties. Recent works on hybrid effect by Almansour et al [18] and Li and Sain [19] reported that natural fibre hybridised with glass and basalt fibre composites provided improved fracture toughness as well as stiffness and tensile strength. There were several reported works investigating the effects of glass and basalt fibres hybridisation on the performance of natural fibre-reinforced composites [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Flax-Epoxy Composite with Carbon Fibre Hybridisation for Lightweight Applications

Dhakal

Sain

2019

Materials

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The effect of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibre hybridisation on the tensile properties of flax fibre epoxy composite was investigated. Composites containing different fibre ply orientations were fabricated using vacuum infusion with a symmetrical ply structure of 0/+45/−45/90/90/−45/+45/0. Tensile tests were performed to characterise the tensile performance of plain flax/epoxy, carbon/flax/epoxy, and plain carbon/epoxy composite laminates. The experimental results showed that the carbon/flax fibre hybrid system exhibited significantly improved tensile properties over plain flax fibre composites, increasing the tensile strength from 68.12 MPa for plain flax/epoxy composite to 517.66 MPa (670% increase) and tensile modulus from 4.67 GPa for flax/epoxy to 18.91 GPa (305% increase) for carbon/flax hybrid composite. The failure mechanism was characterised by examining the fractured surfaces of tensile tested specimens using environmental scanning electron microscopy (E-SEM). It was evidenced that interactions between hybrid ply interfaces and strain to failure of the reinforcing fibres were the critical factors for governing tensile properties and failure modes of hybrid composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Flax-Epoxy Composite with Carbon Fibre Hybridisation for Lightweight Applications

Dhakal

Sain

2019

Materials

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“…This chemical incompatibility yields composites with reduced mechanical properties. Without chemical treatments to modify the surface of the flax yarns, and improve the compatibility with the matrix, the interface properties are expected to be weak in a hybrid composite [21,22]. As the flax fibres are not treated in the experiment it is expected that the interface is weaker between the flax fibres and the matrix than in the E-glass fibres.…”

Section: Understanding the Degradation Of Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and dynamic performance of woven flax/E-glass hybrid composites

Cihan

Sobey

Blake

2019

Composites Science and Technology

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Flax composites demonstrate superior damping properties to conventional fibres. These materials are already being utilised in some products but the mechanical properties they exhibit are too low for many structural applications. Hybridization of flax with higher strength fibres has been shown to yield materials, which balance damping and load carrying capabilities alongside improved environmental credentials for flax/carbon hybrids. However, the most used composite material is E-glass but the current literature does not facilitate the prediction of damping properties for these hybrid composites, where it is expected that they will behave differently due to the difference in material properties. The woven flax and E-glass fibres specimens embedded with epoxy resin are manufactured via resin infusion to understand the damping and mechanical properties possible from an industrial process and the dominant factors affecting them, rather than the relationships between individual variables and these properties. These experiments allow the hybrids to be profiled for the first time and it is observed that hybridization of flax and E-glass fibres results in an increase in damping, from 1.97 % to 2.63 % for the best hybrid, especially when the flax plies are placed on the outer skin, however the compromise in tensile properties is significant, from 473.28 MPa to 166.53 MPa.

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“…Despite several benefits, due to their inferior mechanical properties in comparison to their conventional counterparts has limited the use of these composites mainly in non-structural and semi-structural applications, thus limiting large scale industrial uses [7]. Indeed, natural fibre reinforced composites applications are limited by their low stiffness and low impact properties, inadequate to secure a structural part, while traditional fibre reinforced composites perfectly meet the requirements for structural applications [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

Paturel

Dhakal

2020

Molecules

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Due to rigorous new environmental legislations, automotive, marine, aerospace, and construction sectors have redirected their focus into using more recyclable, sustainable, and environmentally friendly lightweight materials driven by strengthening resource efficiency drive. In this study, the influence of moisture absorption on flax and flax/glass hybrid laminates is presented with the aim to investigating their low velocity impact behaviour. Three different types of composite laminates namely, flax fibre reinforced vinyl ester, flax fibre hybridised glass fibre and glass fibre reinforced vinyl ester composites were fabricated using resin infusion technique. The moisture immersion tests were undertaken by immersing the different specimens in sea water bath at room temperature and 70 °C at different time durations. The low velocity falling weight impact testing was performed at 25 Joules of incident energy level and impact damage behaviour was evaluated at both ageing conditions using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro CT). The percentage of moisture uptake was decreased for flax vinyl ester specimens with glass fibre hybridisation. The maximum percentage of weight gain for flax fibre, flax/glass hybrid and glass fibre reinforced composites immersed at room temperature for 696 h is recorded at 3.97%, 1.93%, and 0.431%, respectively. The hybrid composite exhibited higher load and energy when compared flax/vinyl ester composite without hybridisation, indicating the hybrid system as a valid strategy towards achieving improved structural performance of natural fibre composites. The moisture absorption behaviour of these composites at room was observed to follow Fickian behaviour.

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Investigation into Mode II interlaminar fracture toughness characteristics of flax/basalt reinforced vinyl ester hybrid composites

Cited by 82 publications

References 50 publications

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Flax-Epoxy Composite with Carbon Fibre Hybridisation for Lightweight Applications

Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of Flax-Epoxy Composite with Carbon Fibre Hybridisation for Lightweight Applications

Mechanical and dynamic performance of woven flax/E-glass hybrid composites

Influence of Water Absorption on the Low Velocity Falling Weight Impact Damage Behaviour of Flax/Glass Reinforced Vinyl Ester Hybrid Composites

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