Investigation into the transportation and melting of thick ice slurries in pipes

Evans, T. S.; Quarini, G L; Shire, G. S. F.

doi:10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.06.008

Cited by 21 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…However, ice production, transportation, and storage are expensive, energy-intensive, and poorly scalable. Moreover, because ice melts rapidly when present in small particles, the distance over which an ice slurry may function as an effective pig is severely limited (43,44). This is particularly problematic in industries where most product movement occurs during the summer months (e.g., wine production).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

Chen

Chan

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hydrogels are a class of soft material that is exploited in many, often completely disparate, industrial applications, on account of their unique and tunable properties. Advances in soft material design are yielding next-generation moldable hydrogels that address engineering criteria in several industrial settings such as complex viscosity modifiers, hydraulic or injection fluids, and sprayable carriers. Industrial implementation of these viscoelastic materials requires extreme volumes of material, upwards of several hundred million gallons per year. Here, we demonstrate a paradigm for the scalable fabrication of self-assembled moldable hydrogels using rationally engineered, biomimetic polymer-nanoparticle interactions. Cellulose derivatives are linked together by selective adsorption to silica nanoparticles via dynamic and multivalent interactions. We show that the self-assembly process for gel formation is easily scaled in a linear fashion from 0.5 mL to over 15 L without alteration of the mechanical properties of the resultant materials. The facile and scalable preparation of these materials leveraging self-assembly of inexpensive, renewable, and environmentally benign starting materials, coupled with the tunability of their properties, make them amenable to a range of industrial applications. In particular, we demonstrate their utility as injectable materials for pipeline maintenance and product recovery in industrial food manufacturing as well as their use as sprayable carriers for robust application of fire retardants in preventing wildland fires.hydrogels | manufacturing | nanotechnology | industrial applications | supramolecular I ndustrial settings present many unique and complicated engineering challenges. Inefficiencies arise in manufacturing because large volumes of material need to be pumped from one location to another and vast lengths of pipe of varying diameters must be cleaned frequently (1). Applications as diverse as hydraulic fracturing and cosmetics rely on processable fluids with complex viscoelastic properties. Moreover, many products and coatings are applied through spraying, which often requires uniform application and tunable retention of solvent and/or product. The advent of macromolecular chemistry has provided myriad polymeric materials that are used in diverse applications, including as food/cosmetic additives and viscosity modifiers. Several aqueous-based applications have exploited covalently cross-linked hydrogels, which comprise a class of soft materials that bind and retain large amounts of water and exhibit broadly tunable mechanical properties. However, the irreversibility of their cross-links is severely limiting and many applications would benefit enormously from new technologies allowing for stimuliresponsive aqueous viscosity modification and/or the ability to rearrange their shape in response to applied stress (2).Recent advances in supramolecular chemistry and materials science are enabling unique solutions to many critical industrial challenges via the production of mo...

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

Chen

Chan

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2. The development and validation of predictive tools which can estimate the viable range for the ice pig for prescribed boundary conditions [25]. 3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Evans [21] identifies the physics limiting the longevity of ice pigs. Evans et al [25] have developed a numerical model that predicts distances ice pigs can be expected to travel as a function of pipe characteristics, ice fraction, and flow velocity. This work shows that the distance a pig can travel as a viable entity increases with increasing speed.…”

Section: Supporting Experimental Work In the Laboratorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation and development of an innovative pigging technique for the water-supply industry

Quarini

Ainslie

Herbert

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Water-supply companies monitor the state of their pipe networks and ensure that the pipes are clean and free of inert loose deposits by flushing and pigging. Flushing involves forcing high speed water through the pipes so as to carry away particulates, pigging consists of forcing an object (the pig) through the pipe so as to push or wipe away the loose material. Both systems have drawbacks; the first tends to use very large volumes of water, and it may be impossible to get the required velocities in large-diameter pipes. The second requires purpose built launch and receive stations and may run the risk of damaging the pipe walls. This paper presents an innovative alternative to water flushing or conventional pigging for the potable-water-supply industry. This alternative uses a phase change material (ice-water slurry), which can be introduced into and removed from existing pipe networks with minimal alterations. The underlying concept is that when an ice slurry is propelled through pipes at modest speeds, the wall shear is two to four orders of magnitude higher than that which would have been achieved had water (only) been travelling in the pipe at the same speed. Thus, even with relatively low speeds, the 'ice pig' is able to achieve efficient cleaning and removal of loose materials. This technology has the advantage that the ice pig changes its shape to fit the containing topology, hence it is able to navigate bends, contraction/expansions and partly open vales, while cleaning the containment walls and transporting particulates. Lastly, the ice pig is guaranteed never to get stuck, as it will simply melt away, if left for sufficient time.The paper presents laboratory experimental data, qualitatively demonstrating the capability of the technique and quantitative data enabling engineers to scale and size the ice pig for full scale trials. Finally, preliminary work from full scale trails on live water trunk mains is briefly presented and discussed.

show abstract

“…The critical review by Egolf and Kauffeld [4] and references therein show many previous studies of ice-slurry cold thermal storage systems; the properties studied include velocity profiles, ice-fraction profiles, pressure losses, and heat transfer rates for a variety of flow conditions. After the review by Egolf and Kauffeld, some studies have reported the melting heat transfer of ice-slurry flows through tubes, and correlation equations for melting heat transfer were derived from the results [5][6][7][8]. In addition, some numerical approaches have been exploited to build a heat transfer model for melting of ice slurries [9,10].…”

Section: Pgmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of melting heat transfer of ice slurries by an injection flow in a rectangular cross sectional horizontal duct

Fujii

Yamada

2013

Applied Thermal Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ice slurries are now commonly used as cold thermal storage materials, and have the potential to be applied to other engineering fields such as quenching metals to control properties, emergency cooling systems, and preservation of food and biomaterials at low temperatures. Although ice slurries have been widely utilized because of their high thermal storage densities, previous studies have revealed that the latent heat of ice particles is not completely released on melting because of insufficient contact between the ice particles and a heated surface. In this study, an injection flow that was bifurcated from the main flow of an ice slurry was employed to promote melting heat transfer of ice particles on a horizontal heated surface. The effects of injection angle and injection flow rate on local heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficient ratios were determined experimentally. The results show that from two to three times higher heat transfer coefficients can be obtained by using large injection flow rates and injection angles. However, low injection angles improved the utilization rate of the latent heat of ice near the injection point by approximately a factor of two compared to that without injection.Keywords: Ice slurry, Latent heat, Two-phase flow, injection flow, Melting heat transfer Highlights  Melting of ice slurries were enhanced by the injection under constant total flow rate. Contribution of ice particles and their latent heat to heat transfer was investigated. Effect of velocity ratio of injection to that of main flow was examined. Effect of the angle of injection flow to the main flow was also examined. the ice particles and a heated surface. In this study, an injection flow that was bifurcated from the main flow of an ice slurry was employed to promote melting heat transfer of ice particles on a horizontal heated surface. The effects of injection angle and injection flow rate on local heat transfer coefficients and heat transfer coefficient ratios were determined experimentally. The results show that from two to three times higher heat transfer coefficients can be obtained by using large injection flow rates and injection angles. However, low injection angles improved the utilization rate of the latent heat of ice near the injection point by approximately a factor of two compared to that without injection.

show abstract

Investigation into the transportation and melting of thick ice slurries in pipes

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

Scalable manufacturing of biomimetic moldable hydrogels for industrial applications

Investigation and development of an innovative pigging technique for the water-supply industry

Enhancement of melting heat transfer of ice slurries by an injection flow in a rectangular cross sectional horizontal duct

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About