Investigation of Ageing and Temperature in Lithium-Ion Cells Using a Market Definition Paradigm Balance Voltage Approach

Abstract

This article presents a simplified approach for the tracking of ageing and temperature effects in Lithium-ion cells via a balanced cell voltage approach. This balanced cell approach is obtained from the principle of moments of forces based on fundamental physics, in line with the market definition paradigm. Qualitative and quantitative results obtained show that indeed the balance voltage does track ageing and temperature phenomena in these cells. For example, using a chemistry, a safe maximum balance voltage of about 3.23 V while a minimum of about 3.10 V over 2000 cycles was obtained. Similar qualitative and quantitative results were obtained tracking temperature variation effects over a single cycle. This approach will make implementation of cell (and expectedly battery pack) state tracking more cost effective for typical usage scenarios.