Investigation of ammonium–lauric salt as shale swelling inhibitor and a mechanism study

Abstract

In this work, a series of ammonium-lauric salts (ALS) was prepared with lauric acid and amines as small molecular shale swelling inhibitor. The inhibitors were screened by the linear expansion test first, and the result shows that the inhibitor prepared by lauric acid and diethylenetriamine with the mole ratio of 2:1 (ALS-2) displays excellent inhibition effect on the hydration expansion of bentonite. The inhibition of ALS-2 to bentonite was fully evaluated by various methods in the following work, including clay linear swelling test and particle distribution measurement. The results show that ALS-2 has superior performance to inhibit the hydration swelling and dispersion of bentonite, and the swelling rate of bentonite in 0.5% ALS-2 was reduced to 29.7%. In water-based drilling fluid, ALS-2 is compatible with the conventional additives, and it can improve

Evaluation and application of poly(ethylene glycol) as lubricant in water‐based drilling fluid for horizontal well in Sulige Gas Field

“…It can be seen that the addition of PEG can improve the inhibition of the swelling of the clay. The reason for this is that the high‐molecular‐weight PEG can be well adsorbed on the surface of the clay particles, preventing further intrusion of the filtrate, thereby effectively inhibiting clay hydration and expansion 11, 39, 40 …”

“…wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/pi particles, preventing further intrusion of the filtrate, thereby effectively inhibiting clay hydration and expansion. 11,39,40 Particle size distribution Since PEG showed high performance of swelling inhibition against bentonite, the influence of PEG on the particle size distribution of bentonite was investigated. The results are shown in Fig.…”

The Application of Ferric Chloride-Lignin Sulfonate as Shale Inhibitor in Water-Based Drilling Fluid

“…Sodium lignin sulfonate (LS) and ferric chloride (FC) were dissolved in distilled water respectively with the concentration of 20%. Then ferric chloride solution was added into the lignin sulfonate solution with different mass ratio dropwise under stirring at room temperature [14,15]. As shown in Figure 7, the final product, ferric chloride-lignin sulfonate (FCLS) solution was achieved after stirring for 1 h at 60 r/min.…”

“…The bentonite was dispersed in a certain solution or tap water with a dosage of 4% ( w/w ), and was stirred for 24 h. After inhibitor was added to the system, it was stirred for another 20 min. Then the particles size distribution was measured by a laser particle size analyzer (LS-13320, Beckman Coulter, Inc., Brea, CA, USA) under the reported method [14,15]. The general error of the data is ±2%.…”

“…The surface morphology of the bentonite samples was evaluated by a digital microscope imaging scanning electron microscope (model SU6600, serial No. HI-2102-0003) at a 40.0 kV accelerating voltage on the basis of the reported method [14,15].…”