Investigation of an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk-like virus, using solid phase immune electron microscopy

Cunney, Robert; Costigan, P. S.; McNamara, Eleanor; Hayes, Blánaid; Creamer, E.; LaFoy, M.; Ansari, Nadia; Smyth, Naoise

doi:10.1053/jhin.1999.0671

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…131 As diagnostic testing for noroviruses has improved, it has become clear that these viruses are an important cause of nosocomial diarrhea as well and that their incidence may have been previously underestimated. 133,136 Other pathogens isolated less frequently from patients with nosocomial diarrhea, include viruses (adenoviruses, q 2005 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins astroviruses, and coronaviruses), bacteria (Salmonella, Shigella, E. coli, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and toxin-mediated food poisoning with Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens), and protozoa (Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and cryptosporidium).…”

Section: Nosocomial Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…36,136,150 Whereas many community outbreaks of noroviruses have been linked to common sources such as water supply and food, nosocomial outbreaks appear to be caused primarily by direct person-to-person spread among both patients and staff, indirect transmission on environmental surfaces and healthcare workers, and possibly aerosol route caused by vomiting. 136,150,151 Investigation of nosocomial diarrhea should depend on the clinical setting. For an isolated case, noninfectious causes should first be considered, including side effects of medications and enteral feeding, fecal impaction, endocrine and exocrine dysfunction, and primary gastrointestinal tract pathology.…”

Section: Nosocomial Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infectious Diarrhea in Developed and Developing Countries

Cheng¹,

McDonald²,

Thielman³

2005

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

108

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Diarrhea from gastrointestinal infection remains a common problem. In industrialized countries, management is aimed at reducing morbidity and defining groups that may benefit from further investigation. Most infectious diarrhea is self-limiting and only requires supportive management. Viral agents are increasingly recognized as causative agents of epidemic and sporadic diarrhea. In developing countries, diarrhea is a major cause of mortality in children. Oral rehydration therapy, guided by a clinical assessment of the degree of dehydration, is cheap, simple, and effective and remains the mainstay of management of infant diarrhea. Controversies focus on the optimal formulation of oral rehydration solution. A vaccine against rotavirus has the potential to save millions of lives worldwide.

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Section: Nosocomial Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nosocomial Diarrheamentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Diarrhea in Developed and Developing Countries

Cheng¹,

McDonald²,

Thielman³

2005

Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology

108

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…These specimens originated from outbreaks of gastroenteritis that had occurred in hospitals and residential homes in the Republic of Ireland between 1993 and 1998. All of the samples chosen for sequence analysis were NLV-positive by solid-phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM), details of which have been described previously [Cunney et al, 2000]. In addition, no other etiological agent associated with gastroenteritis had been detected in specimens collected from these outbreaks.…”

Section: Faecal Specimens: Sporadic and Outbreak Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection and sequencing of “Norwalk‐like viruses” in outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in Ireland

Foley

O’Mahony

Hill

et al. 2001

Journal of Medical Virology

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Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs) are now established as the most important causative agents of epidemic gastroenteritis worldwide. The overall objective of this study was to determine the molecular epidemiology of Irish NLV isolates for the first time by obtaining sequence data from specimens originating from outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis. Eight samples from sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and nine isolates from separate NLV outbreaks were examined. Of the sporadic isolates, six were shown to be genogroup 2 (G2) by RT-PCR, while two were G1. All of the outbreak isolates were G2. All isolates were partially sequenced within a highly conserved region of ORF1 (RNA-dependent RNA polymerase gene). Sequence data were aligned and a dendogram was constructed. The results indicated that the majority of G2 isolates were seen to cluster with Bristol and Lordsdale virus, while the two G1 specimens were related most closely to Southampton virus. Further downstream sequence analysis of a number of the isolates confirmed this result. It is concluded that the majority of NLV isolates circulating in Ireland belong to the Bristol/Lordsdale clade.

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“…27,70 The high attack rates seen during norovirus outbreaks could be due to rapid dispersal via aerosols. 71,72 Common cold Adults suffer between two and five colds each year, usually caused by rhinoviruses. 27,73 Despite years of study, transmission between individuals remains controversial.…”

Section: Hantavirusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives

Hobday¹,

Dancer

2013

Journal of Hospital Infection

142

119

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Current knowledge of indoor transmission of pathogens is inadequate, partly due to lack of agreed definitions for particle types and mechanisms of spread. There is recent evidence to support historical data on the effects of natural ventilation but virtually none for sunlight. Modern practice of designing healthcare buildings for comfort favours pathogen persistence. As the number of effective antimicrobial agents declines, further work is required to clarify absolute risks from airborne pathogens along with any potential benefits from additional fresh air and sunlight.

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Investigation of an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk-like virus, using solid phase immune electron microscopy

Cited by 26 publications

References 21 publications

Infectious Diarrhea in Developed and Developing Countries

Infectious Diarrhea in Developed and Developing Countries

Molecular detection and sequencing of “Norwalk‐like viruses” in outbreaks and sporadic cases of gastroenteritis in Ireland

Roles of sunlight and natural ventilation for controlling infection: historical and current perspectives

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