Investigation of Anthropometric Measurements of Anatomic Structures of Orbital Soft Tissue in 102 Young Han Chinese Adults

Measurement of periocular structures is of value in several clinical specialties including ophthalmology, optometry, medical and clinical genetics, oculoplastic surgery, and traumatology. Therefore we aimed to determine the periocular anthropometric norms for Chinese young adults using a noninvasive 3D stereophotography system. Craniofacial images using the 3dMDface system were acquired for 103 Chinese subjects (51 males and 52 females) between the ages of 18 and 35 years. Anthropometric landmarks were identified on these digital images according to standard definitions, and linear distances between these landmarks were calculated. It was found that ocular measurements were significantly larger in Chinese males than females for intercanthal width, biocular width, and eye fissure lengths. No gender differences were found in the eye fissure height and the canthal index which ranged between 43 and 44. Both right and left eye fissure height-length ratios were significantly larger in females. This is the first study to employ 3D stereophotogrammetry to create a database of anthropometric normative data for periocular measurements. These data would be useful for clinical interpretation of periocular pathology and serve as reference values when planning aesthetic and posttraumatic surgical interventions.

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“…Previous studies on periocular anthropometry were either based on manual anthropometry [8] or 2D photography [9]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2010, Wu et al [9] investigated periocular anthropometric measurements of 53 male and 49 female Chinese undergraduate students from the Central South University in Hunan Province using traditional 2D photographs. However, such 2D measurement techniques rely on the assumption that the face is a flat object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative Findings for Periocular Anthropometric Measurements among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong

Jayaratne

Deutsch

Zwahlen

2013

BioMed Research International

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“…As noted previously, the lateral canthus is 2.0 mm or 4.0 degrees higher than the medial canthus in Caucasians, compared to 3.0–5.0 mm and 6.0–9.0 degrees higher in Asians, and 9.0 degrees higher in Brazilian Indians. 6, 10–13 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, measuring the orbital height utilizing surface landmarks, while utilized by other authors, is not ideal. 6 The OH measurements obtained should be validated with direct measurements of bony landmarks on neuroimaging or by using cadavers. Finally, exophthalmometry was performed to confirm that none of the participants had either enophthalmos or exophthalmos that might skew the eyelid measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Latino Eyelid: Anthropometric Analysis of a Spectrum of Findings

Fry

Naugle

Cole

et al. 2017

Ophthalmic Plastic &Amp; Reconstructive Surgery

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Purpose Published anthropometric measurements of the Latino eyelid are limited. This study describes features spanning the morphological range from non-Latino Caucasians to East Asians in the spectrum of the Latino eyelid. Methods A cross-sectional study of 68 people (32 Latinos, 18 non-Latino Caucasians and 18 East Asians, ages 18–39), approved by the Institutional Review Board and HIPPA-compliant, was performed. Saliva samples determined genetic components. Indirect anthropometric measurements were performed with ImageJ software. Eyelid measurements included: margin reflex distance, palpebral fissure height, eyelid crease height, orbital height, horizontal fissure length, inner and outer canthal distances, medial and lateral canthal angles and lateral canthal angle of inclination. Additionally, exophthalmometry and epicanthal folds were recorded. Results Analysis of 184 markers from HumanExome Chip data revealed distinct clustering patterns. Genetically, the Asian participants were in one group, the Caucasians in another group and the Latinos spanned the spectrum between these two groups. In Latinos, the inner canthal distance and lateral canthal angle of inclination were similar to Asians, while the lid crease spanned the range from Asians to Caucasians. Half of the Latinos had epicanthal folds. Conclusions Latinos possess a spectrum of eyelid features spanning the morphologic characteristics from those of non-Latino Caucasians to those of East Asians. This normative data on Latinos from Texas and Mexico aids in the diagnoses of Latino eyelid disorders and is a reference for optimizing oculofacial surgery outcomes.

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Dosimetric study on eye's exposure to wide band radio frequency electromagnetic fields: Variability by the ocular axial length

Chen

Xie

et al. 2014

Bioelectromagnetics

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This paper evaluates the variability of specific absorption rate (SAR) in the human eye. This variability results from changes in ocular axial length (OAL), which is common in many ophthalmologic and vision abnormalities, including myopia. A generic eye model was reconstructed according to published data. The feasibility of using the generic model in numerical research of electromagnetic fields (EMF) was demonstrated by means of comparative simulations with eye models reconstructed from magnetic resonance (MR) scans. Free-form deformation (FFD) was used to deform the OAL of the generic eye model. Thus, 64 deformed eyes were created and were categorized according to the OAL increase. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method was applied in the simulations. The results revealed that changing the OAL does not increase EMF absorption in the eyes or the eye tissues. No additional induced temperature rise was produced by the changes of OAL. The results also indicated that the non-pathological increment of the OAL, which is inevitable during the childhood, does not increase the SAR in the eyes.

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Investigation of Anthropometric Measurements of Anatomic Structures of Orbital Soft Tissue in 102 Young Han Chinese Adults

Abstract: The normal measurement values of anatomic structures of orbital soft tissue and the proportional indices for normal young Han Chinese adults provided reference data for periorbital cosmetic and reconstructive surgery.

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Normative Findings for Periocular Anthropometric Measurements among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong

Normative Findings for Periocular Anthropometric Measurements among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong

The Latino Eyelid: Anthropometric Analysis of a Spectrum of Findings

Dosimetric study on eye's exposure to wide band radio frequency electromagnetic fields: Variability by the ocular axial length

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