Investigation of biodiesel production methods by altering free fatty acid content in vegetable oils

Suraj, C. K.; Anand, K.; Sundararajan, T.

doi:10.1080/17597269.2017.1378993

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The results showed that the FFA profile of CO, CMO, PUO, and TPO is <2%, suggesting that biodiesel synthesis from these oils can be achieved by a single-stage process. 26 The low composition of FFA in the samples showed that the sample oils were still fresh and of high quality. Conversely, the CNSL FFA profile is >2%, suggesting that the route for the biodiesel manufacturing process could be achieved through a double-stage process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The FFA profile of feedstock oils determines the path taken in the biodiesel production process. The results showed that the FFA profile of CO, CMO, PUO, and TPO is <2%, suggesting that biodiesel synthesis from these oils can be achieved by a single-stage process . The low composition of FFA in the samples showed that the sample oils were still fresh and of high quality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

2022

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Rheological and physicochemical characteristics of edible oils used for biodiesel production are well established; nonetheless, the rheological and physicochemical characteristics of nonedible oils are yet to be established. The present study therefore focuses on rheological and physicochemical characterization of nonedible vegetable oils that can be used as biodiesel feedstock. The selected vegetable oils studied include cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), castor oil (CO), Croton megalocarpus oil (CMO), Podocarpus usambarensis oil (PUO), and Thevetia peruviana oil (TPO). Physicochemical parameters analyzed were free fatty acids, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value, specific gravity, and moisture content using methods by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Rheological properties were analyzed using a VT-550 Thermo Haake Viscotester operated by the Rheowin 3 Job Manager software. The preset parameters in the Viscotester were shear rate and temperature. The shear rate increased uniformly from 5 to 100 s −1 at the temperature range of 30−60 °C. The experimental data were fitted into rheological models of Newton, Bingham, Ostwald−de Waele (power-law), and Herschel−Bulkley using Rheowin 3 Data Manager. The oil yield was 29−65%, highlighting the feedstock's potential for commercial biodiesel production. At a constant temperature, all oil samples exhibited a Newtonian flow behavior. In contrast to edible oils, nonedible oils exhibited high shear stress, emphasizing the reconstruction of new appropriate designs of production systems. The rheological models appropriate to represent the flow behavior of the samples were the Newton and Ostwald−de Waele models, with a fit of R 2 = 0.990−1.000.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

2022

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“…Feedstocks containing high free fatty acid (>0.5%) cannot be easily converted by base catalyzed transesterification due to the concurrent formation of soap. That challenge was avoided through transesterification using the sulphuric acid catalyst [ 36 , 37 ]. From the results in Tables 1 and 2 , it was clear that Parkia biglobosa oil was ideal for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of Biodiesel from Nonedible Parkia biglobosa Oil under Acidic Condition

Kipkoech,

Takase

2023

The Scientific World Journal

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In this study, biodiesel was produced from Parkia biglobosa oil via optimization of transesterification reaction conditions, (methanol to oil ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time) under sulphuric acid catalyst (H2SO4). The oil was first extracted from Parkia biglobosa seeds using the Soxhlet extraction method. The physicochemical properties of the biodiesel were analysed and then compared to international standards. Subsequently, the oil was then used to produce biodiesel at optimized transesterification reaction conditions. The free fatty acid (FFA) content of the oil was 1.61% w/w, while the saponification value (mgKOH/g) was 191.65. The maximum yield (percentage weight) of the biodiesel produced was 93.4% at the maximum transesterification conditions of methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6 : 1, sulphuric acid catalyst amount of 3 wt%, reaction temperature of 65°C, and reaction time of 1.5 h. The biodiesel produced was within the limits of international standards as per the specification by ASTM D6751 (American standard), EN 14241 (European standard), and Ghana Standard Authority. It was therefore recommended that biodiesel from Parkia biglobosa seed oil under acidic catalytic condition is a potential new substitute for petroleum diesel for commercialization purposes.

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“…For industrial applications, acid value / free fatty acids can be used to determine the amount of corrosive acid as well as oxidation products present in the oil [125]. The acid value/free fatty acid contents of oils affect biodiesel yield and purity [126,127]. High acid values/free fatty acids and water are detrimental to the conventional transesterification of fats and oils for biodiesel production.…”

Section: Acid Values and Free Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Oils Extracted from Common Species of the Niger Delta Raphia Palm Fruits and Elaeis guineensis

Azuokwu,

Igbafe,

Yerima

et al. 2024

AJCHE

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Elaeis guineensis oils (palm oil and palm kernel oil) are versatile ingredients widely used in food applications as well as in the industrial production of biofuels and other oleochemicals. Global demand for Elaeis guineensis oils is increasing and has surpassed other vegetable oils. In many nations such as Nigeria, the demand outweighs the supply. Consequently, the prices of the oils have been relatively high and there is high demand for land for the cultivation of the palms. However, Elaeis guineensis cultivation has been noted for several environmental, climatic and social challenges. Based on these reasons, concerted efforts are being made to search for a promising feedstock that can either be used in conjunction with or as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils. In this study, oils were extracted from the mesocarp of common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits (Raphia farinifera, Raphia hookeri and Raphia vinifera) as wells as the mesocarp and kernel of Elaeis guineensis fruits. The potentials of using each of the Raphia palm oils as an alternative to Elaeis guineensis oils were evaluated based on standard physiochemical properties obtained using standard analytical techniques. The study showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits and are very similar to Elaeis guineensis oils in many aspects. However, most of the physiochemical properties results showed that oils extracted from common species of the Niger Delta Raphia palm fruits are more suited as replacement to Elaeis guineensis oils in the production of biofuels and other oleochemicals than for food or edibility purposes.

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Investigation of biodiesel production methods by altering free fatty acid content in vegetable oils

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

Production of Biodiesel from Nonedible Parkia biglobosa Oil under Acidic Condition

A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Oils Extracted from Common Species of the Niger Delta <i>Raphia </i>Palm Fruits and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i>

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Investigation of biodiesel production methods by altering free fatty acid content in vegetable oils

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

Rheological and Physicochemical Analysis of Nonedible Oils Used for Biodiesel Production

Production of Biodiesel from Nonedible Parkia biglobosa Oil under Acidic Condition

A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Oils Extracted from Common Species of the Niger Delta &lt;i&gt;Raphia &lt;/i&gt;Palm Fruits and &lt;i&gt;Elaeis guineensis&lt;/i&gt;

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A Comparative Study of the Physicochemical Properties of Oils Extracted from Common Species of the Niger Delta <i>Raphia </i>Palm Fruits and <i>Elaeis guineensis</i>