“…In Fig. 10 , the velocity difference |ΔV| of surface contraction is obviously large under the influence of rigid walls, and caused the non-spherical collapse of the cavitation bubble [45] , [53] , [54] , [69] , [70] . For the cavitation bubble deviated central vessel model, the surface contraction velocity difference |ΔV| is all lower or close to the velocity difference of the cavitation bubble surface contraction in the free field (theoretically, the velocity difference |ΔV| between the contraction of both sides of the surface of a single cavitation bubble in the free field is 0, but due to the difficulty of achieving a completely spherical Rayleigh cavitation bubble in the experiment, a smaller velocity difference |ΔV| exists when both sides of the surface of a single cavitation bubble in the free field contract).…”