Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients

Winter, Christina; Keimel, Roman; Gugatschka, Markus; Kolb, Dagmar; Leitinger, Gerd; Roblegg, Eva

doi:10.3390/ijerph18041629

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Therefore, topical administration of drug candidates directly to the oral mucosa is a promising strategy to achieve a fast therapeutic local effect and avoid additional side effects. In medication development, however, many studies do not take into account the changes in the barrier systems in the mouth caused, for example, by pro-inflammatory cytokines [ 45 ]. Accordingly, the potential of local drug delivery systems to transport the active ingredient to the site of action is often limited.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers

et al. 2021

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Topical drug administration to the oral mucosa proves to be a promising treatment alternative for inflammatory diseases. However, disease-related changes in the cell barrier must be considered when developing such delivery systems. This study aimed at investigating the changes in the lining mucosa caused by inflammation and evaluating the consequences on drug delivery systems such as nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC). For this, TR146 cells were treated with inflammatory cytokines and bacterial components. Cell viability and integrity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and interleukin (IL)-8 release were used as endpoints to assess inflammation. Translocation of phosphatidylserine, cytoskeletal arrangement, opening of desmosomes, and cell proliferation were examined. Transport studies with NLC were performed considering active and passive pathways. The results showed that IL-1ß and tumor necrosis factor α induced inflammation by increasing IL-8 and ROS production (22-fold and 2-fold). Morphologically, loss of cell–cell connections and formation of stress fibers and hyperplasia were observed. The charge of the cell membrane shifted from neutral to negative, which increased the absorption of NLC due to the repulsive interactions between the hydrophobic negative particles and the cell membrane on the one hand, and interactions with lipophilic membrane proteins such as caveolin on the other.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers

et al. 2021

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“…When unstimulated saliva was analysed using Cryo-SEM, the mucin networks seen in saliva from healthy persons was not present in saliva from patients who had undergone radiation therapy of the head and neck region [ 44 ]. Preliminary results from microscope analysis of stimulated saliva from our head and neck cancer patients show a similar pattern with a lower degree of networks compared with stimulated saliva from healthy persons with normal salivary secretion rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulated saliva composition in patients with cancer of the head and neck region

et al. 2021

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Background To analyse over time changes in stimulated whole saliva regarding total protein, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), and mucin type O-glycans (mostly MUC5B and MUC7) in head and neck cancer patients. Methods 29 dentate patients (20 men and 9 women, 59 ± 8 years) treated with curative radiation therapy and chemotherapy for cancer of the head and neck region were included. The stimulated whole salivary secretion rate was determined and saliva collected at four time-points: at pretreatment, and at 6 months, 1 and 2 years post treatment. The total protein concentration was determined spectrophotometrically by using Bicinchoninic Acid assay and Immunoglobulin A (IgA) by using ELISA technique. Glycosylation pattern of salivary mucins was determined in samples collected pre- and post treatment by using LC/MS electrospray and mucin content quantified using SDS-AgPAGE gels and PAS staining. Results Compared with pretreatment, the total protein concentration was increased already at 6 months post treatment (p < 0.01), and continued to increase up to 2 years post treatment (p < 0.001). During that period no significant changes in IgA concentration was detected. At pretreatment, the output/min of both total protein and IgA was significantly higher than at all time-points post treatment. Saliva from the cancer patients showed a low abundance/no detectable MUC7, while the MUC5B level remained, compared to saliva from a healthy control. The glycomic analysis showed that the percentage of core 2 O-glycans was increased as core 1, 3 and 4 O-glycans were decreased. The level of sialylation was higher at 6 months post treatment, while sulfation was lower. Conclusion A decreased output per minute of proteins at decreased salivary secretion rate, as well as reduced sulfation of MUC5B at 6 months post treatment tended to correlate with the patients’ experience of sticky saliva and oral dryness. At 2 years post treatment, the decreased amount of IgA combined with a lowered salivary secretion rate indicate a reduced oral defense with increased risk of oral infections.

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“…Gel might be one of most convenient agents for application in a limited and irregular space, such as the intrauterine space, and most gel agents commonly contain derivatives of hyaluronic acid (HA) with other main components, such as sodium D-glucuronate and N-acetyl-glucosamine, which is a linear polysaccharide with 25,000 repeating disaccharide units, composed of major supportive and protective components in a vitreous body, saliva, synovial fluid, cartilage, skin, and umbilical cord [157][158][159][160][161][162][163]. Earlier reports have shown that the application of CHA gel has reduced the severity of postoperative IUA after hysteroscopic procedures [86,109,111,112].…”

Section: Gels As Anti-adhesive Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Focus on the Primary Prevention of Intrauterine Adhesions: Current Concept and Vision

Lee

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

IJMS

107

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Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), and its severe form Asherman syndrome (Asherman’s syndrome), is a mysterious disease, often accompanied with severe clinical problems contributing to a significant impairment of reproductive function, such as menstrual disturbance (amenorrhea), infertility or recurrent pregnancy loss. Among these, its correlated infertility may be one of the most challenging problems. Although there are many etiologies for the development of IUA, uterine instrumentation is the main cause of IUA. Additionally, more complicated intrauterine surgeries can be performed by advanced technology, further increasing the risk of IUA. Strategies attempting to minimize the risk and reducing its severity are urgently needed. The current review will expand the level of our knowledge required to face the troublesome disease of IUA. It is separated into six sections, addressing the introduction of the normal cyclic endometrial repairing process and its abruption causing the formation of IUA; the etiology and prevalence of IUA; the diagnosis of IUA; the classification of IUA; the pathophysiology of IUA; and the primary prevention of IUA, including (1) delicate surgical techniques, such as the use of surgical instruments, energy systems, and pre-hysteroscopic management, (2) barrier methods, such as gels, intrauterine devices, intrauterine balloons, as well as membrane structures containing hyaluronate–carboxymethylcellulose or polyethylene oxide–sodium carboxymethylcellulose as anti-adhesive barrier.

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Investigation of Changes in Saliva in Radiotherapy-Induced Head Neck Cancer Patients

Cited by 27 publications

References 74 publications

Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers

Cytokine-Mediated Inflammation in the Oral Cavity and Its Effect on Lipid Nanocarriers

Stimulated saliva composition in patients with cancer of the head and neck region

Focus on the Primary Prevention of Intrauterine Adhesions: Current Concept and Vision

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