Investigation of electromechanical parameters of IPMC-sensors

Khmelnitskiy, Ivan K.; Gorodilov, V.V.; Kalyonov, Vladimir E.; Lagosh, Anton V.; Broyko, Anton P.

doi:10.1109/eiconrus.2018.8317121

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Fu et al (2018) showed that an IPMC sample manufactured by plasma etching the polymer and magnetron sputtering the electrodes generates close to 200 mV output in response to 1.6% bending strain, being 63 times higher than an electroless-plated IPMC [156]. In 2018, Khmelnitskiy et al studied characteristics of IPMC voltage sensing both in air and in water environment using Pt-coated IPMCs with Nafion 117 membrane in Cu2+ cation form [129]. Sensitivity drop was reported at frequencies around 20 Hz and above, and authors argued that it is caused by slow motion of liquid within the polymer membrane.…”

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak voltage was shown to be approximately proportional to the bending angle for bending rates of 45–90° s−1, and voltage rise rate proportional to the bending rate [126]. Typical amplitudes of the voltage response remain in milli-volt range [97], e.g., 2.06 mV/mm (quasi-static) [97], 0.04 mV/mm (5 Hz) [125], 0.125 mV/mm (2 Hz) [106], 0.15 mV/mm (5 Hz) [118], and 0.072 mV/mm (10 Hz) [129]. Nemat-Nasser and Li showed by modelling and experimental data that the amplitude of IPMC sensing voltage is two orders of magnitude smaller than the voltage that is required to produce the same deformation in actuation [68].…”

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors also reported offsets in the voltage reading [93,106,127], which are hypothesized to originate from the polyelectrolyte nature of IPMC [93]. Thicker, shorter and well-hydrated IPMCs exhibit higher amplitude in voltage reading [117,125,129,139], and sensing stability in atmosphere can be improved by coating the IPMC with Parylene [155].…”

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In experiments, IPMC voltage is amplified using voltage amplifiers (including instrumentation amplifiers) with the gain of typically below one thousand, e.g., 17.3 [124], 100 [111,125,126,127,128], 200 [154], 248 [129,129], and 270 [130]. In [106] the IPMC output voltage was measured directly with data acquisition board, without additional amplifiers.…”

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review

MohdIsa

Hunt

HosseinNia

2019

Sensors

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Ionic polymer–metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. IPMCs are mechanically compliant, simple in construction, and easy to cut into desired shape. This allows the designing of novel sensing and actuation systems, e.g., for soft and bio-inspired robotics. IPMC sensing can be implemented in multiple ways, resulting in significantly different sensing characteristics. This paper will review the methods and research efforts to use IPMCs as deformation sensors. We will address efforts to model the IPMC sensing phenomenon, and implementation and characteristics of different IPMC sensing methods. Proposed sensing methods are divided into active sensing, passive sensing, and self-sensing actuation (SSA), whereas the active sensing methods measure one of IPMC-generated voltage, charge, or current; passive methods measure variations in IPMC impedances, or use it in capacitive sensor element circuit, and SSA methods implement simultaneous sensing and actuation on the same IPMC sample. Frequency ranges for reliable sensing vary among the methods, and no single method has been demonstrated to be effective for sensing in the full spectrum of IPMC actuation capabilities, i.e., from DC to ∼100 Hz. However, this limitation can be overcome by combining several sensing methods.

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Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Active Sensing Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer–Metal Composite (IPMC): A Review

MohdIsa

Hunt

HosseinNia

2019

Sensors

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“…The calculated sensitivity is S = 47.6 ± 2.0 mV mm −1 after amplification (G = 100) and 0.476 mV mm −1 without amplification, which can be compared to the value found by Khmelnitskiy et al (0.072 mV mm −1 without amplification). The authors used a standard IPMC with Nafion 117 [41], showing lower flexibility than our IPMC because of its inherent thickness, which can explain the difference of sensitivity. We also investigated the repeatability by performing the measurements with the same sample after 6 months of storage in water.…”

Section: Sensing Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Manufacturing thin ionic polymer metal composite for sensing at the microscale

Ragot

Hunt

Sacco

et al. 2023

Smart Mater. Struct.

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Ionic polymer metal composites (IPMCs) are a class of materials with a rising appeal in biological micro-electromechanical systems (bio-MEMS) due to their unique properties (low voltage output, bio-compatibility, affinity with ionic medium). While tailoring and improving actuation capabilities of IPMCs is a key motivator in almost all IPMC manufacturing reports, very little efforts have been dedicated to sensing using IPMC thinner than 100 μm. Most reports on IPMC manufacturing and utilization rely on 180μm-thick Nafion with platinum electrodes, too stiff for bio-MEMS applications. The same fabrication process on thinner membranes does yield in very poor electrodes and performance, and needs to be studied to increase flexibility and sensitivity in the microscale range. This study demonstrates an electroless Pt deposition method for fabricating bio-MEMS-suitable 50 μm-thick IPMC samples. First, we perform a comparative study on the platinum distribution within the Nafion backbone as well as on the surface for the standard electroless deposition recipe for thin (50 μm) and thick (180 μm) Nafion. We report strong differences in platinum distribution for thick and thin IPMC that experienced the same manufacturing process. By varying chemical concentrations from the standard recipe we obtain convenient platinum distribution on thin Nafion, with platinum mainly localized in proximity of surface, as well as electrodes with lower sheet resistance. We could measure the flexural rigidity as 3.43 10−8 N.m2, 46 times lower than standard 180 μm thick IPMC. The calculated sensitivity is 0.476 ± 0.02 mV/mm and the limit of detection for our sensor is 500 ± 20 μm. This procedure sets a milestone for manufacturing 50 μm-thick IPMC for transducers and sensors in bio-MEMS applications.

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