Investigation of factors affecting the injury severity of single-vehicle rollover crashes: A random-effects generalized ordered probit model

Anarkooli, Alireza Jafari; Hosseinpour, Mehdi; Kardar, Adele

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2017.07.008

Cited by 114 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…To this end, the human-vehicle-road simulation model is developed by the vehicle simulation software-CarSim(Mechanical Simulation Corporation, Michigan, America). This paper takes the SUV as the research object due to its high center of gravity and increasing popularity, which is more prone to rollover than passenger cars [34,35]. This research focuses on systematically studying the influence of unfavorable roads on vehicle rollover and skidding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Rollover and Skidding

Yin

Wen

Sun

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This paper analyzes the influence of single and combined unfavorable road geometry on rollover and skidding risks of D-class mid-sized sport utility vehicles (SUVs) with front-wheel drive for roads with design speeds at 80 km/h. A closed-loop simulation model of human-vehicle-road interactions is established to examine the systematic influence of road geometry on vehicle rollover and skidding. The effects of different road geometry on rollover and skidding on SUVs are studied for pavement surface with good and poor friction when vehicles are in the action of steady state cornering. The rollover and skidding risks of the most unfavorable road segments are assessed. The critical wheel is defined by the threshold of skidding during curve negotiation. The results found that SUVs are not easy to rollover on the most unfavorable roads, regardless of good or poor friction of pavement surface. The safety margin of rollover is greater than that of skidding. The safety margin of skidding is minimal on poor friction roads. Therefore, for the sake of driving safety, it is not recommended to design the roads with these unfavorable road geometry combinations

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Rollover and Skidding

Yin

Wen

Sun

et al. 2020

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ordered discrete choice models are generally used to analyze such ordinal response data. Among these models, the ordered probit (OP) is the most commonly used approach [18,19]. Let y ni be repurchase price n by respondent i.…”

Section: Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For repurchase price n to occur from respondent i, the observed repurchase price level (y ni ) is related to an unobserved (latent) variable (y * ni ) and is expressed as follows: (2) where j is the number of repurchase price levels (in this case, j = 6); µ 1 , µ 2 , µ 3 , µ 4 , and µ 5 are unknown threshold parameters to be estimated [18][19][20]. The predicted probabilities of the repurchase price level j (j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) for given X ni can be estimates as:…”

Section: Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where X ni is a vector of explanatory variables, β is a vector of unknown parameters to be estimated, and ε ni is the random error term capturing the effect of unobserved factors, which is assumed to follow a normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance [18,19]. In the respondent's survey data presented in this study, the repurchase prices of taxpayers (SMEs) are scaled to six price levels: (1) 60-70%; (2) 70-80%; (3) 80-90%; (4) 90-100%; (5) 100-120%; and (6) more than 120% of tax payment in kind.…”

Section: Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The model parameters (e.g., β and y * ni are estimated by the method of maximum likelihood [18][19][20]. The marginal effects of the ordered probit model with respect to explanatory variable l (β l ) can be estimates as:…”

Section: Research Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Taxpayer’s Perception to Tax Payment in Kind System in Support of SMEs’ Sustainability: Case of the South Korean Government’s Valuation of Unlisted Stocks

Kim

Yoon

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:In Korea, unlisted stock shares are accepted as payment for inheritance tax. In the case of insufficient cash, a taxpayer can pay the government with listed or unlisted stocks (hereinafter referred to as "tax payment in kind"). The drawback of this tax payment system is that receiving tax paid with stocks is subject to the valuation of the government and selling the stocks to an open market requires another valuation. The results of these two valuations show considerable differences, and, therefore, the selling price in the open market is very low. This study analyzes how taxpayers recognize the differences in the valuation results of these unlisted stocks and how the differences affect the pricing for repurchasing the stocks from the open market. Results show that high valuation of unlisted stocks in tax payment in kind drives buyers to lower the purchasing price in the open market. This finding implies a problem in the government's valuation method of unlisted stocks collected as tax.

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Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

Goel,

Tiwari,

Varghese

et al. 2024

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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BackgroundRoad Traffic injuries (RTI) are among the top ten leading causes of death in the world resulting in 1.35 million deaths every year, about 93% of which occur in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). Despite several global resolutions to reduce traffic injuries, they have continued to grow in many countries. Many high‐income countries have successfully reduced RTI by using a public health approach and implementing evidence‐based interventions. As many LMICs develop their highway infrastructure, adopting a similar scientific approach towards road safety is crucial. The evidence also needs to be evaluated to assess external validity because measures that have worked in high‐income countries may not translate equally well to other contexts. An evidence gap map for RTI is the first step towards understanding what evidence is available, from where, and the key gaps in knowledge.ObjectivesThe objective of this evidence gap map (EGM) is to identify existing evidence from all effectiveness studies and systematic reviews related to road safety interventions. In addition, the EGM identifies gaps in evidence where new primary studies and systematic reviews could add value. This will help direct future research and discussions based on systematic evidence towards the approaches and interventions which are most effective in the road safety sector. This could enable the generation of evidence for informing policy at global, regional or national levels.Search MethodsThe EGM includes systematic reviews and impact evaluations assessing the effect of interventions for RTI reported in academic databases, organization websites, and grey literature sources. The studies were searched up to December 2019.Selection CriteriaThe interventions were divided into five broad categories: (a) human factors (e.g., enforcement or road user education), (b) road design, infrastructure and traffic control, (c) legal and institutional framework, (d) post‐crash pre‐hospital care, and (e) vehicle factors (except car design for occupant protection) and protective devices. Included studies reported two primary outcomes: fatal crashes and non‐fatal injury crashes; and four intermediate outcomes: change in use of seat belts, change in use of helmets, change in speed, and change in alcohol/drug use. Studies were excluded if they did not report injury or fatality as one of the outcomes.Data Collection and AnalysisThe EGM is presented in the form of a matrix with two primary dimensions: interventions (rows) and outcomes (columns). Additional dimensions are country income groups, region, quality level for systematic reviews, type of study design used (e.g., case‐control), type of road user studied (e.g., pedestrian, cyclists), age groups, and road type. The EGM is available online where the matrix of interventions and outcomes can be filtered by one or more dimensions. The webpage includes a bibliography of the selected studies and titles and abstracts available for preview. Quality appraisal for systematic reviews was conducted using a critical appraisal tool for systematic reviews, AMSTAR 2.Main ResultsThe EGM identified 1859 studies of which 322 were systematic reviews, 7 were protocol studies and 1530 were impact evaluations. Some studies included more than one intervention, outcome, study method, or study region. The studies were distributed among intervention categories as: human factors (n = 771), road design, infrastructure and traffic control (n = 661), legal and institutional framework (n = 424), post‐crash pre‐hospital care (n = 118) and vehicle factors and protective devices (n = 111). Fatal crashes as outcomes were reported in 1414 records and non‐fatal injury crashes in 1252 records. Among the four intermediate outcomes, speed was most commonly reported (n = 298) followed by alcohol (n = 206), use of seatbelts (n = 167), and use of helmets (n = 66). Ninety‐six percent of the studies were reported from high‐income countries (HIC), 4.5% from upper‐middle‐income countries, and only 1.4% from lower‐middle and low‐income countries. There were 25 systematic reviews of high quality, 4 of moderate quality, and 293 of low quality.Authors' ConclusionsThe EGM shows that the distribution of available road safety evidence is skewed across the world. A vast majority of the literature is from HICs. In contrast, only a small fraction of the literature reports on the many LMICs that are fast expanding their road infrastructure, experiencing rapid changes in traffic patterns, and witnessing growth in road injuries. This bias in literature explains why many interventions that are of high importance in the context of LMICs remain poorly studied. Besides, many interventions that have been tested only in HICs may not work equally effectively in LMICs. Another important finding was that a large majority of systematic reviews are of low quality. The scarcity of evidence on many important interventions and lack of good quality evidence‐synthesis have significant implications for future road safety research and practice in LMICs. The EGM presented here will help identify priority areas for researchers, while directing practitioners and policy makers towards proven interventions.

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Investigation of factors affecting the injury severity of single-vehicle rollover crashes: A random-effects generalized ordered probit model

Cited by 114 publications

References 79 publications

The Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Rollover and Skidding

The Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Rollover and Skidding

Taxpayer’s Perception to Tax Payment in Kind System in Support of SMEs’ Sustainability: Case of the South Korean Government’s Valuation of Unlisted Stocks

Effectiveness of road safety interventions: An evidence and gap map

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