Investigation of Fluorescent Dyes as Partitioning Tracers for Subsurface Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Characterization

Ghanem, Ana; Soerens, Thomas S.; Adel, Miah Muhammad

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2003)129:8(740)

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Fluorescein (color index number 45350, called uranine in Europe) is one such dye used in many studies (for example, Rahe et al 1979;Mushrush et al 2001;Ammann et al 2003;Ghanem et al 2003;Chua et al 2007). The properties of fluorescein have been extensively studied (Feuerstein and Selleck 1963;Smart and Laidlaw 1977;Omoti and Wild 1979;Sabatini and Austin 1991;Kasnavia et al 1999;Sabatini 2000;Smith and Pretorius 2002;Flury and Wai 2003) and its movement through sand has been modeled (Rahman et al 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies have used fluorescent dyes: to examine the role of macropores in soil water infiltration (Weiler and Naef 2003), to detect the deposition of a pesticide on the soil surface (Barber and Parkin 2003), to determine flow velocity in a brackish water sandfill (Chua et al 2007), as an indicator of tetrachloroethylene movement in soil (Ghanem et al 2003), as a tracer for gasoline storage tank leaks (Mushrush et al 2001), to examine the distribution of a soil-injected termiticide solution (Davis and Kamble 2008), and to model urban runoff of rainwater (Ammann et al 2003). Tracers in laboratory studies are useful to compare the effects of soil properties on solute movement, as well as to predict mobility in field applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH Dependence and Unsuitability of Fluorescein Dye as a Tracer for Pesticide Mobility Studies in Acid Soil

Peterson

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The mobility of fluorescein and bromide used as tracers in packed soil columns was investigated. Five different soils were used in two application methods: soil surface application and soil incorporation, both of which simulate accepted methods of soil application of termiticides to prevent structural infestation. The breakthrough of bromide and fluorescein in column eluates were measured. The absorbance of fluorescein at 492 nm was pH dependent, and proper adjustments were made after measuring the eluate pH. Although high recoveries of bromide from the soil columns were observed, the breakthrough was different among the soil types, indicating that bromide behaves differently in different soils. Recovery of fluorescein, a weak acid, varied depending upon the pH of the soil used, and was only observed in the eluates of two of the five soils tested. Soil treated with bromide and fluorescein followed by soaking extraction showed high recovery of bromide but low recovery of fluorescein, except for in the most alkaline of the soils tested. If fluorescein is used as a conservative tracer in pesticide soil mobility studies, mobility can be underestimated in acidic soils because the active ingredient might travel more quickly than does the fluorescein.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH Dependence and Unsuitability of Fluorescein Dye as a Tracer for Pesticide Mobility Studies in Acid Soil

Peterson

2009

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…Kasnavia et al (1999) concluded that when choosing a fluorescent dye for a study, the chemical properties of that dye and the media matrix in which the test will be conducted should be considered in order to complete a successful test. Ghanem et al (2003) ran a series of column and batch tests in which five fluorescent dyes were assessed as partitioning tracers. A partitioning tracer is one that is retarded when it partitions into a non-aqueous phaseTwo columns were used: one containing soil and dye and one containing soil, dye and sorbed tetrachloroethene (PCE).…”

Section: Fluorescent Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transport of rhodamine WT, sulforhodamine B, and eosine was retarded due to partitioning into the PCE, while the other dyes traveled similarly in both columns. The purpose of the Ghanem et al (2003) study was to determine if suites of tracers could be used to confirm the presence of NAPL in the subsurface.…”

Section: Fluorescent Dyesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of hydrogel tracer beads and comparative tracer tests to better understand contaminant fate and transport in karst systems

Laskoskie¹

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Development of hydrogel tracer beads and comparative tracer tests to better understand contaminant fate and transport in karst systems Amanda Laskoskie Karst aquifers can be highly susceptible to contamination due to a close connection to the land surface, lack of filtration through a soil zone, and rapid transmission along solutionallyenhanced flowpaths. These factors also allow for aquifer contamination by direct injection of immiscible organic compounds in the form of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). The fate and transport of NAPLs in karst aquifers is poorly understood. Tracer tests allow for qualitative characterization of hydraulic flow in the surface and subsurface, but their results may not be applicable to the movement of NAPL for which density plays a critical role. Particulate tracers have been used to predict sediment transport but they fail to mimic the range of possible NAPL densities. Therefore, this research focused on the development and field testing of hydrogel tracer beads (HTBs), a non-toxic tracer made of calcium alginate (a derivative of marine algae), to better represent the behavior of NAPLs. The density of the HTBs can be readily modified to match different types of NAPLs. Sinking-and buoyant-HTBs were released during a preliminary field test at Hazel Run, in Bruceton Mills, WV. The buoyant-HTBs traveled the fastest and were recovered at the collection site, while the sinking-HTBs beads settled to the channel bed. Comparative tracer tests using fluorescein and buoyant-HTBs were completed at Buckeye Creek Cave near Lewisburg, WV and Rhine Creek in Terra Alta, WV. Despite the two systems being very different, the field tests in both systems demonstrated that the buoyant-HTBs had a greater velocity and had a lower mean transit time than did the fluorescein. These results are similar to what other comparable research has found-that particulate tracers travel faster than dissolved solutes. Based on the comparative tracer tests, light NAPLs (LNAPLs) may travel faster than dissolved tracers and travel times determined from solute tracers may not accurately reflect the appropriate time to collect water samples.

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“…Adding a visible-light spectrum dye to the wetting phase, e.g., Rhodamine-B or Brilliant Blue FCF, can further enhance this contrast (e.g., [55]). For natural porous media, dyes in the infrared (e.g., [56]), ultraviolet or fluorescence spectra provide greater contrast (e.g., [28,37,[57][58][59][60][61][62]). In most prior works, dye choice has been based on good visibility, low price, or similar work in the literature.…”

Section: General Considerations For Optical Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Uncertainties from Image Processing and Analysis in Laboratory-Scale DNAPL Release Studies Evaluated by Reflective Optical Imaging

Engelmann

Schmidt

Werth

et al. 2019

Water

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Subsurface DNAPL (dense non-aqueous phase liquid) contamination from (un-) intentional spilling typically leads to severe environmental hazards. A large number of studies have demonstrated the relevance of DNAPL source zone geometry for the determination of contaminant plume propagation in groundwater. Optical imaging represents a promising non-invasive method for identifying DNAPL saturation without disturbing multiphase flow dynamics. However, workflow and image analysis methodologies have not been sufficiently developed or described for general application to related experimental efforts. For example, the choice of dye(s) used for phase colorization affects image processing and can bias final estimations of DNAPL saturations. In this study, we perform a series of DNAPL migration and entrapment studies in transparent tanks that are filled with three different types of porous media. Different dyes are used and raw images are acquired. Subsequently, these are used to evaluate a suite of image processing and analysis approaches, which are organized into a workflow. Our approach allows for us to identify key image processing and analysis steps that introduce the most error. Applicable dye configurations led to uncertainties of up to 41% depending on the selection of processing steps. Based on these findings, it was possible to delineate a flexible framework for image processing and analysis that has the potential for transfer and application in other tank experiment setups.

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Investigation of Fluorescent Dyes as Partitioning Tracers for Subsurface Nonaqueous Phase Liquid (NAPL) Characterization

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

pH Dependence and Unsuitability of Fluorescein Dye as a Tracer for Pesticide Mobility Studies in Acid Soil

pH Dependence and Unsuitability of Fluorescein Dye as a Tracer for Pesticide Mobility Studies in Acid Soil

Development of hydrogel tracer beads and comparative tracer tests to better understand contaminant fate and transport in karst systems

Quantification of Uncertainties from Image Processing and Analysis in Laboratory-Scale DNAPL Release Studies Evaluated by Reflective Optical Imaging

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