Investigation of guided wave propagation and attenuation in pipe buried in sand

Leinov, Eli; Lowe, M. J. S.; Cawley, P.

doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2015.02.036

Cited by 135 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The attenuation of the torsional mode is larger than the attenuation of the longitudinal mode for both loose and compacted sand cases. These trends are similar to those found in [6]. …”

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The extracted best fit values of the shear velocity are 93 ms -1 and 131 ms -1 for the loose and compacted sand cases, respectively. The measured attenuation and the resulting shear velocity values are slightly higher in the FBE-coated pipe loose and compacted sand cases compared to the bare pipe cases [6]. This is due to the FBE-coating and the higher sand density values in the FBE-coated pipe cases ( Table 1).…”

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…A detailed description of the full-scale apparatus was provided elsewhere [6] and will only be described briefly here. The buried coated-pipe experimental apparatus consisted of a 6-meter long, 8 inch carbon steel pipe (schedule-40, 9mm wall thickness), FBE-coated (Resicoat R4 AkzoNoble, 0.25mm nominal thickness) embedded for 3-meters of its length in a rectangular container of 0.76m x 0.76m inner cross-section (Figure 3a-b).…”

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 4 also presents the simulation best fits to the measured attenuation in each mode for both sand cases. Also presented are measurements and simulation fits for bare steel pipe embedded in similar conditions [6]. The best fit curve is determined from the simultaneous fit to both the torsional and longitudinal modes measured attenuation.…”

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5]. However, for embedded and buried pipes test ranges are drastically reduced [4,6]. Moreover, in most pipeline installations coating materials, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Guided wave attenuation in coated pipes buried in sand

Leinov¹,

Cawley²,

Lowe³

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Long-range guided wave testing (GWT) is routinely used for the monitoring and detection of corrosion defects in above ground pipelines in various industries. The GWT test range in buried, coated pipelines is greatly reduced compared to aboveground pipelines due to energy leakage into the embedding soil. In this study, we aim to increase test ranges for buried pipelines. The effect of pipe coatings on the T(0,1) and L(0,2) guided wave attenuation is investigated using a full-scale experimental apparatus and model predictions. Tests are performed on a fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE)-coated 8" pipe, buried in loose and compacted sand over a frequency range of 10-35 kHz. The application of a low impedance coating is shown to effectively decouple the influence of the sand on the ultrasound leakage from the buried pipe. We demonstrate ultrasonic isolation of a buried pipe by coating the pipe with a Polyethylene (PE)-foam layer that has a smaller impedance than both pipe and sand and the ability to withstand the overburden load from the sand. The measured attenuation in the buried PE-foam-FBE-coated pipe is substantially reduced, in the range of 0.3-1.2 dBm -1 for loose and compacted sand conditions, compared to buried FBE-coated pipe without the PE-foam, where the measured attenuation is in the range of 1.7-4.7 dBm -1 . The acoustic properties of the PE-foam are measured independently using ultrasonic interferometry technique and used in model predictions of guided wave propagation in a buried coated pipe. Good agreement is found between the attenuation measurements and model predictions. The attenuation exhibits periodic peaks in the frequency domain corresponding to the through-thickness resonance frequencies of the coating layer. The large reduction in guided wave attenuation for PE-coated pipes would lead to greatly increased GWT test ranges, so such coatings would be attractive for new pipeline installations.

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“…The attenuation of the torsional mode is larger than the attenuation of the longitudinal mode for both loose and compacted sand cases. These trends are similar to those found in [6]. …”

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Experimental Apparatus and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fbe-coated Pipe Buried In Loose and Compacted Sandmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5]. However, for embedded and buried pipes test ranges are drastically reduced [4,6]. Moreover, in most pipeline installations coating materials, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Guided wave attenuation in coated pipes buried in sand

Leinov¹,

Cawley²,

Lowe³

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

Guan

Duan

et al. 2017

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary Guided waves find their niche in cost‐effective damage identification in comparison with conventional nondestructive evaluation. Comprehensive research has been conducted since the 1980s, focusing on the detection of a wide variety of types of damage in metallic and composite structures. The main scope of this paper is to present a review of state‐of‐the‐art guided wave‐based approaches for damage identification in pipeline structures. Theoretical analyses of the interaction between linear and nonlinear guided waves and damage are addressed in detail. Numerical simulations and experimental studies of damage identification in pipeline structures using both linear and nonlinear guided waves are elaborated. Other issues including bends in pipes, effects of environmental and operational conditions on the performance of guided waves are another focus of this review. Future challenge in this field is summarised at the end of this review.

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Axial magnetized patch for efficient transduction of longitudinal guided wave and defect identification in concrete-covered pipe risers

Fang

Tse

2018

Struct Control Health Monit

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Pipe risers partially covered by a wall are difficult to test because the concrete causes large attenuation and mode conversion. Both reasons make it difficult to analyze the signal. This paper reports the design of an axial magnetized magnetostrictive patch transducer (AM-MPT) for efficient transduction of longitudinal guided wave, which can be used to detect defects in concrete-covered pipe risers. First, the paper started with a theoretical background about the influence of length-to-width ratio of the magnetized rectangular patch on the demagnetizing factors and the magnetic field intensity of the patch. Second, the simulation and experimental results proved that the length-to-width ratio of the magnetized iron cobalt patch has a great influence on its magnetic field intensity and signal amplitude of the AM-MPT. Comparison experiments proved that the static magnetic field of AM-MPT provided by an iron cobalt patch led to larger signal amplitudes than those provided by magnets. Third, the attenuation of L(0,2) in concrete-covered pipe riser were studied using the AM-MPT experimentally, which were according with disperse simulation results basically. And the experimental results proved that AM-MPT was more suitable to be applied in concrete-covered pipe risers testing than original MPT.Finally, the AM-MPT was applied in a defect identification of concrete-covered pipe riser sample. The experimental results for the AM-MPT and the piezoelectric transducer showed that the AM-MPT can potentially be applied in pipe riser defect identification.

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Investigation of guided wave propagation and attenuation in pipe buried in sand

Cited by 135 publications

References 58 publications

Guided wave attenuation in coated pipes buried in sand

Guided wave attenuation in coated pipes buried in sand

Guided waves for damage identification in pipeline structures: A review

Axial magnetized patch for efficient transduction of longitudinal guided wave and defect identification in concrete-covered pipe risers

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