Investigation of ITER Use Internal-Sn ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Superconducting Wire Through Irreversibility Temperature Measurement

Zhang, Chaowu; Sulpice, A.; Zhou, Lian; Soubeyroux, J.-L.; Verwaerde, Christophe; Hoang, Gia Ky

doi:10.1109/tasc.2006.887548

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…There are several factors, such as grain size, crystalline morphology, A15 composition, etc, which influence the transport J C performance of Nb 3 Sn superconductors. The authors [4,12,13] systematically investigated the HT temperature, time and Sn/Cu ratio effects on A15 composition and superconducting properties. The obtained results showed that, although the Sn concentration and T C are continuously increasing with temperature elevation and time elongation, they have no changes after full-time reaction of over 100 h at any temperature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Zhang¹,

Zhou²,

Sulpice³

et al. 2009

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Two kinds of multifilament internal-Sn Nb3Sn superconducting strands were fabricated through the RRP method, one with 2 wt% of Ti alloyed in an Sn core and the other just pure Sn. Four reaction temperatures of 650, 675, 700 and 725 °C and 128 h duration were applied for A15 phase formation heat treatment after a Cu–Sn alloying procedure of 210 °C/50 h+340 °C/25 h. Through the standard four-probe technique the heat-treated coil samples were examined for the transport non-Cu JC variation with applied field B which was then used to calculate the flux pinning force variation FP–B. The samples’ phase microstructure were also observed by means of FESEM. The obtained results demonstrate that for fully reacted Nb3Sn superconductors the transport critical current density JC is more importantly affected by the cubic equiaxed morphology than by grain dimension, due to its much stronger flux pinning performance of the morphology. Ti addition in Sn stabilizes the cubic equiaxed grains at lower reaction temperature so that the HT temperature is effectively reduced, the flux pinning strength is largely reinforced and thus the transport non-Cu JC is substantially promoted.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Zhang¹,

Zhou²,

Sulpice³

et al. 2009

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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“…where K is a constant, b = B/B c2 is the reduced magnetic field and x is the contribution of the mechanism of magnetic flux pinning due to the grain boundaries. In this expression, the first term, b 1/2 (1 − b) 2 , corresponds to the mechanism of magnetic flux pinning due to the grain boundaries and the second term, b(1 − b), is the contribution of the normal phases due to the introduction of the APCs into the superconducting phase. Table 3 is a compilation of the results from the mathematical fitting of the F pTransp versus the μ 0 H curves presented in figure 5.…”

Section: Superconducting Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The actual applications of superconductivity require superconductors capable of transporting higher critical current densities (J c ) in high magnetic fields, to be used in magnets for particle accelerators, systems for nuclear fusion tests [1] and magnetic resonance. Examples of important applications are the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER), that requires Nb 3 Sn cables with high current densities in magnetic fields around 12 T [2,3], and the large hadron collider (LHC), for particle acceleration [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat treatment influence on the superconducting properties of nanometric-scale Nb₃Sn wires with Cu–Sn artificial pinning centers

Silva

Rodrigues²,

Oliveira³

et al. 2010

Supercond. Sci. Technol.

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Since the discovery of Nb 3 Sn superconductors many efforts have been expended to improve the transport properties in these materials. In this work, the heat treatment profiles for Nb 3 Sn superconductor wires with Cu(Sn) artificial pinning centers (APCs) with nanometric-scale sizes were analyzed in an attempt to improve the critical current densities and upper critical magnetic field. The methodology to optimize the heat treatment profiles in respect to the diffusion, reaction and formation of the superconducting phases is described. Microstructural characterization, transport and magnetic measurements were performed in an attempt to relate the microstructure to the pinning mechanisms acting in the samples. It was concluded that the maximum current densities occur due to normal phases (APCs) that act as the main pinning centers in the global behavior of the Nb 3 Sn superconducting wire. The APC technique was shown to be very powerful because it permitted mixing of the pinning mechanism. This achievement was not possible in other studies in Nb 3 Sn wires reported up to now.

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“…Table I There are a few factors that influence the A15 phase composition, including the arrangement of strand component ratio and composite configuration, the HT condition, the third-element addition, etc. Maybe, the most significant one is the HT; thus, many researchers focused their works on the HT optimization [6], [7], [12].…”

Section: Critical Temperature (T C ) Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Godeke et al [11] had focused their work on the PIT wires, in which the authors measured the variation of T c at different HT conditions. We had studied the irreversibility temperature T * (B) [12], T c , and the flux-pinning properties [13] of two ITER-type restack rod process (RRP) internal-Sn strands and had also studied the phase formation kinetics of some monoelementary (ME) strands [14]. For a long time, it is known that third-element additions can substantially influence some specific superconducting properties of Nb 3 Sn conductors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizations of A15 Phase Composition and $T_{c}$ for Internal-Sn $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Strands

Zhang

Sulpice²,

Zhou³

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond.

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Four sets of monoelementary (ME) and two kinds of multifilamentary (MF) internal-Sn Nb 3 Sn superconducting strands were designed and fabricated, in which various component ratios, different composite configurations, and some third-element additions were arranged. All strands were submitted to a first heat treatment (HT) of 210 • C/50 h + 340 • C/25 h for Cu-Sn mixing, followed by the A15 phase formation HT. The four ME strands were reacted at 675 • C, 700 • C, and 725 • C for 100 and 200 h, respectively, and the two MF strands at 650 • C, 675 • C, 700 • C, and 725 • C for 128 and 200 h, respectively. The analysis of the reacted strands comprised the A15 phase composition distribution by means of X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy and the critical temperature T c by means of superconducting quantum interference device magnetization measurements. The obtained results indicate that, for sufficiently reacted internal-Sn Nb 3 Sn strands, the final A15 phase composition and T c are determined by the diffusion and solid reaction mechanism of the A15 phase formation. In particular, the onset T c values and the average Sn content in a grain do not depend on the reaction temperature, the local compositions in the strand, the composite configuration arrangement, and the third-element addition.Index Terms-A15 phase composition, composite component and configuration, internal-Sn Nb 3 Sn strands, phase formation heat treatment (HT), third-element addition.

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Investigation of ITER Use Internal-Sn ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Superconducting Wire Through Irreversibility Temperature Measurement

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Heat treatment influence on the superconducting properties of nanometric-scale Nb₃Sn wires with Cu–Sn artificial pinning centers

Characterizations of A15 Phase Composition and $T_{c}$ for Internal-Sn $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Strands

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Investigation of ITER Use Internal-Sn ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Superconducting Wire Through Irreversibility Temperature Measurement

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb3Sn strands

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb3Sn strands

Heat treatment influence on the superconducting properties of nanometric-scale Nb3Sn wires with Cu–Sn artificial pinning centers

Characterizations of A15 Phase Composition and $T_{c}$ for Internal-Sn $\hbox{Nb}_{3}\hbox{Sn}$ Strands

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Resources

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Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Effect of cubic equiaxed grains and its Ti-stabilizing performance in Nb₃Sn strands

Heat treatment influence on the superconducting properties of nanometric-scale Nb₃Sn wires with Cu–Sn artificial pinning centers