Investigation of K3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites as high-potential cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Han, Jin; Li, Guannan; Liu, Feng; Wang, Minqiang; Zhang, Yan; Hu, Linyu; Dai, Chunlong; Xu, Maowen

doi:10.1039/c6cc10065a

Cited by 228 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This can be attributed to the huge stress imparted in the host structures during K-ion reinsertion leading to structural collapse, as well as the difficulties in the preparation and handling of these materials due to hygroscopicity, thus debilitating the choice of cathode materials. Recently, however, feasible cathode materials such as K 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 31 , KVPO 4 F 32 , KVOPO 4 32 , ibid and KVP 2 O 7 33 have been reported. They constitute the broad class of polyanionic compounds that show high voltage coupled with excellent thermal stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Masese¹,

Yoshii²,

Yamaguchi³

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

233

255

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Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries have been gaining traction as not only promising low-cost alternatives to lithium-ion technology, but also as high-voltage energy storage systems. However, their development and sustainability are plagued by the lack of suitable electrode materials capable of allowing the reversible insertion of the large potassium ions. Here, exploration of the database for potassium-based materials has led us to discover potassium ion conducting layered honeycomb frameworks. They show the capability of reversible insertion of potassium ions at high voltages (~4 V for K2Ni2TeO6) in stable ionic liquids based on potassium bis(trifluorosulfonyl) imide, and exhibit remarkable ionic conductivities e.g. ~0.01 mS cm−1 at 298 K and ~40 mS cm–1 at 573 K for K2Mg2TeO6. In addition to enlisting fast potassium ion conductors that can be utilised as solid electrolytes, these layered honeycomb frameworks deliver the highest voltages amongst layered cathodes, becoming prime candidates for the advancement of high-energy density potassium-ion batteries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Masese¹,

Yoshii²,

Yamaguchi³

et al. 2018

Nat Commun

233

255

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“…[6] Aluminum can be used insteado f copper as ac urrent collector for the anode because potassium metal does not form an alloy with aluminum, providing another cost-reduction benefit. So far,o nly af ew materials have been reported, such as KVPO 4 F, [8] KVOPO 4 , [8] KTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , [9] K 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , [10] KVP 2 O 7 , [11] Prussian-blue analoguesK x MFe(CN) 6 ·y H 2 O( M= transition metal), [12] Na 0.52 CrO 2 , [13] K 0.5 V 2 O 5 , [14] K 0.3 MnO 2 , [7] K x CoO 2 , [15] MoS 2 , [16] TiS 2 , [17] K 0.7 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , [18] 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid-dianhydride (PTCDA), [19] and poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS). So far,o nly af ew materials have been reported, such as KVPO 4 F, [8] KVOPO 4 , [8] KTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , [9] K 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 , [10] KVP 2 O 7 , [11] Prussian-blue analoguesK x MFe(CN) 6 ·y H 2 O( M= transition metal), [12] Na 0.52 CrO 2 , [13] K 0.5 V 2 O 5 , [14] K 0.3 MnO 2 , [7] K x CoO 2 , [15] MoS 2 , [16] TiS 2 , [17] K 0.7 Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 O 2 , [18] 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic acid-dianhydride (PTCDA), [19] and poly(anthraquinonyl sulfide) (PAQS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Exchange Reaction Mechanism and the Role of Additive Water to Stabilize the Structure of VOPO₄⋅2 H₂O as a Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

et al. 2019

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VOPO4⋅2 H2O is demonstrated as a cathode material for potassium‐ion batteries in 0.6 m KPF6 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate, and its distinct exchange reaction mechanism between potassium and crystal water is reported. In an anhydrous electrolyte, the cathode shows an initial capacity of approximately 90 mAh g−1, with poor capacity retention (32 % after 50 cycles). In contrast, the capacity retention dramatically improved (86 % after 100 cycles) in a wet electrolyte containing 0.1 m of additive water. VOPO4⋅2 H2O contains two types of water (structural and crystal). Upon discharge, potassium ions are intercalated whereas the crystal water is simultaneously de‐intercalated from the structure. Upon charging, a completely reverse reaction takes place in the wet electrolyte, resulting in high stability of the host structure and excellent cyclability. However, in the anhydrous electrolyte, some portion of the extracted crystal water molecules cannot be reinserted into the host structure because they are distributed over the anhydrous electrolyte. Keeping some concentration of water in the electrolyte turns out to be was the key to achieving such high reversibility. The potassium ions (90 %) and proton or hydronium ions (10 %) seem to be co‐intercalated in the wet electrolyte. This work provides a general insight into the intercalation mechanism of crystal‐water‐containing host materials.

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“…Upon K insertion, a new XRD pattern evolved, which corresponds to KFe 2 (PO 4 ) 2 ; upon subsequent K extraction, all the XRD peaks disappear, indicating the formation of an amorphous phase. Recently, the use of K 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 as a cathode for KIBs was proposed by Han et al [103] Although the stoichiometry might suggest Figure 12. In situ XRD characterization of P2-type K 0.6 CoO 2 upon charge/discharge.…”

Section: Polyanionic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress and Perspective in Electrode Materials for K‐Ion Batteries

Kim

Bianchini

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

614

465

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and demand in terms of time and space. Thus, grid-level stationary energy storage systems (ESSs) play a key role in making renewable energies both effective and efficient and thereby shaping a more sustainable and environmental friendly society.Although different energy storage technologies including mechanical, electrical, chemical, and electrochemical systems have been proposed, [2,3] mechanical energy storage through pumped hydroelectricity currently dominates the market (≈95% of the installed capacity, ≈183 GW). [4] Electrochemical energy storage is also being considered as a promising option for ESSs based on its flexibility of deployment with little restriction on size and geographical location, low maintenance costs, large energy density, high round-trip efficiency, and long cycle life. [3,5,6] The market for Li-ion batteries (LIBs), originally commercialized for portable electronic devices (i.e., cell phones and laptops), is now expanding to electric vehicles (EVs) and gridlevel ESSs. However, it remains debatable whether the global Li reserves, ≈14 million tons, can meet the increasing demand for such large-scale applications. [7][8][9] The price of lithium carbonate, which is a primary precursor for LIBs, has been continuously increasing since 2000, [10] and this trend is likely to accelerate once the EV and ESS markets take off. Moreover, Li is geographically limited to specific regions: ≈86% of the Li reserves are located in Bolivia, Chile, China, Argentina, and Australia; [9] therefore, geopolitical issues may arise. A more pressing issue for Li-ion markets is the use of Co in all high-energy-density systems. With more than 50% of all mined Co destined for use in Li-ion technology, and a substantial fraction of that coming from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Li-ion growth may be hampered by the availability of Co. [11] As a less expensive alternative to LIBs, Na-ion batteries (NIBs) have been extensively studied. [6,[12][13][14] The relatively high standard redox potential of Na/Na + leads to a lower working voltage and thereby lower energy density than Li-ion. In addition, hard carbon, which is associated with a high production cost and low material's density, must be used as an anode in NIBs, as graphite, which is the standard anode for LIBs, cannot store Na ions. [15][16][17] Recently, K-ion batteries (KIBs) have emerged as another possible energy storage system. [18][19][20] It is notable that the abundance of K resources in the Earth's crust and oceans is similar to that of Na (Figure 1a). [21,22] The cost of potassium carbonate The development of rechargeable batteries using K ions as charge carriers has recently attracted considerable attention in the search for cost-effective and large-scale energy storage systems. In light of this trend, various materials for positive and negative electrodes are proposed and evaluated for application in K-ion batteries. Here, a comprehensive review of ongoing materials research on nonaqueous K-ion batteries is offered. Information on the status of ...

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Investigation of K₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C nanocomposites as high-potential cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Cited by 228 publications

References 31 publications

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Electrochemical Exchange Reaction Mechanism and the Role of Additive Water to Stabilize the Structure of VOPO₄⋅2 H₂O as a Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Progress and Perspective in Electrode Materials for K‐Ion Batteries

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Investigation of K3V2(PO4)3/C nanocomposites as high-potential cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Cited by 228 publications

References 31 publications

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Rechargeable potassium-ion batteries with honeycomb-layered tellurates as high voltage cathodes and fast potassium-ion conductors

Electrochemical Exchange Reaction Mechanism and the Role of Additive Water to Stabilize the Structure of VOPO4⋅2 H2O as a Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries

Recent Progress and Perspective in Electrode Materials for K‐Ion Batteries

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Investigation of K₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C nanocomposites as high-potential cathode materials for potassium-ion batteries

Electrochemical Exchange Reaction Mechanism and the Role of Additive Water to Stabilize the Structure of VOPO₄⋅2 H₂O as a Cathode Material for Potassium‐Ion Batteries