Investigation of kinetics and cracked oil structural changes in thermal cracking of Iranian vacuum residues

Shishavan, Reza Asgharzadeh; Ghashghaee, Mohammad; Karimzadeh, Ramin

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.07.008

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…These properties resulted in higher activity of this sample compared to CLT sample and more reduction in feed viscosity, which is an index of lighter hydrocarbons production. 43,60 Beta/AT-CLT sample has remarkably reduced the viscosity of liquid product by 75.3%, which is nearly similar to Beta sample. Due to the high amount of moderate and weak acidity coupled with improved structural properties, it has shown a nearly equal decrease of viscosity by using only 30 wt% of Beta sample in beta-clinoptilolite composite.…”

Section: Catalytic Performances Of Prepared Samples In Heavy Oil Upgrmentioning

confidence: 54%

Beneficial use of ultrasound irradiation in synthesis of beta–clinoptilolite composite used in heavy oil upgrading process

2019

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Section: Catalytic Performances Of Prepared Samples In Heavy Oil Upgrmentioning

confidence: 54%

Beneficial use of ultrasound irradiation in synthesis of beta–clinoptilolite composite used in heavy oil upgrading process

2019

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“…Thus, the major differences between the liquid of catalytic and non-catalytic TC was due to the volatile, TI and asphaltene fractions still being present in the product oil, as seen in the product oil quality measurements. Low and high H 2 pressure HDC control runs showed a maltene viscosity of 1000 cP and 800 cP and a • API gravity of 14 and 16, respectively, suggesting that H 2 helped in forming more branched liquid products, impeding shear-induced alignment [63], and therefore increased viscosity to a slightly higher extent than TC, while still maintaining lower density.…”

Section: Volatiles (%)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Interestingly, while the quality of the product oil remained the same compared to low-pressure runs, the liquid yield significantly increased at higher pressures, as seen in Figure 7. Typically, a trade-off occurs between liquid quality and yield during upgrading [49,62,63], however this was not the case with the low and high-pressure HDC supported drill cuttings runs. The sulfur and Conradson carbon residue (CCR) content of the feed, TC and high-pressure HDC in the presence of the supported drill cuttings can be found in Table 6.…”

Section: Catalyst Performance At High H 2 Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrocracking of Athabasca Vacuum Residue Using Ni-Mo-Supported Drill Cuttings

2019

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Ni-Mo supported drill cuttings were used to catalyze the hydrocracking (HDC) of Athabasca vacuum residue (AVR) in an autoclave. Drill cuttings are a common waste product that are, depending on their origin, plentiful in acidic sites. The catalyst was prepared using the wet impregnation method. HDC was carried out at both low and high H2 pressure at 400 °C. Control thermal cracking (TC) and HDC runs with and without raw drill cuttings were performed to better examine the role of the supported drill cuttings catalyst. The quality in terms of viscosity and °API gravity, and the yield of various fractions making up the product oil were used to gauge the performance of the catalyst. Similar temperature and energy profiles between TC and HDC suggested strong overlap between the two different reactions, despite H2 presence. Nevertheless, supported drill cuttings runs at high H2 pressures promoted H2 consumption to a strong extent. Consequently, the liquid yield was the highest (~75 wt.%) and the coke yield was negligible. High temperature simulated distillation results revealed a residue conversion of ~55% for both low and high pressure HDC catalytic runs. The product oil quality with respect to viscosity and °API gravity was also found to be comparable between the low and high pressure HDC catalytic runs. Accordingly, no trade-off between liquid yield and quality was incurred at high H2 pressure. Effectively the supported drill cuttings drastically reduced coke formation, while maximizing the yield of the desired liquid product.

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“…At 400 • C the model overpredicted an asphaltene yield of 14.1 wt.% compared with the experimental yield of 5.5 ± 2.0 wt.%, while underpredicted the distillate yield of 3.3 wt.% compared with the experimental yield of 9.9 ± 0.6 wt.%. This could be due to a difference in asphaltenes molecular structure between Athabasca bitumen and Arabian atmospheric residue, which in principle should contribute different products from their cracking [54][55][56]. Moreover, the model equations do not account for direct conversion of asphaltenes to volatiles, since this reaction was deemed relatively slow when fitting Arabian atmospheric residue data.…”

Section: Kinetic Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial Upgrading of Athabasca Bitumen Using Thermal Cracking

Kaminski

Husein

2019

Catalysts

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The current industry practice is to mix bitumen with a diluent in order to reduce its viscosity before it can be pumped to refineries and upgraders. The recovery of the diluent and its recycling to the producers, on the other hand, pose major environmental and economic concerns. Hence, onsite partial upgrading of the extracted bitumen to pipeline specifications presents an attractive alternative. In this work, thermal cracking of Athabasca bitumen was carried out in an autoclave at 400 °C, 420 °C and 440 °C in presence and absence of drill cuttings catalyst. At 400 °C, despite no coke formation, the reduction in viscosity was insufficient, whereas at 440 °C, the coke yield was significant, ~20 wt.%. A balance between yield and viscosity was found at 420 °C, with 88 ± 5 wt.% liquid, ~5 wt.% coke and a liquid viscosity and °API gravity of 60 ± 20 cSt and 23 ± 3, respectively. Additionally, the sulfur content and the Conradson carbon residue were reduced by 25% and 10%, respectively. The catalytic thermal cracking at 420 °C further improved the quality of the liquid product to 40 ± 6 cSt and 25 ± 2 °API gravity, however at slightly lower liquid yield of 86 ± 6 wt.%. Both catalytic and non-catalytic cracking provide a stable liquid product, which by far exceeds pipeline standards. Although small relative to the energy required for upgrading in general, the pumping energy requirement for the partially upgraded bitumen was 3 times lower than that for diluted bitumen. Lastly, a 5-lump, 6-reaction, kinetic model developed earlier by our group successfully predicted the conversion of the bitumen to the different cuts.

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Investigation of kinetics and cracked oil structural changes in thermal cracking of Iranian vacuum residues

Cited by 49 publications

References 28 publications

Beneficial use of ultrasound irradiation in synthesis of beta–clinoptilolite composite used in heavy oil upgrading process

Beneficial use of ultrasound irradiation in synthesis of beta–clinoptilolite composite used in heavy oil upgrading process

Hydrocracking of Athabasca Vacuum Residue Using Ni-Mo-Supported Drill Cuttings

Partial Upgrading of Athabasca Bitumen Using Thermal Cracking

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