Investigation of laterite stones for building purpose from Malabar region, Kerala, SW India - Chemical analysis and microstructure studies

Kasthurba, A. K.; Santhanam, Manu; Achyuthan, Hema

doi:10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.003

Cited by 36 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As can be seen, the laterite possessed about double the water absorption capacity of river sand or ceramic fines, a result that can be attributed to its high clay content. [26] also made a similar observation while working on laterite stones. However, there is greater closeness in the specific gravity and fineness modulus values of the three materials.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Suitability of mortars produced using laterite and ceramic wastes: Mechanical and microscale analysis

Awoyera

Dawson

Thom

et al. 2017

Construction and Building Materials

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Using industrial wastes and local materials as artificial aggregates in cement based materials remains a relevant measure for conservation of natural sources. In this study, novel cementitious mixes containing pulverized ceramic blended cement, ceramic aggregate and laterite were systematically combined to produce cement mortars. The mortar specimens were cured in water for a maximum of 28 days. At maturity, nondestructive tests, X-ray CT scan and Ultrasonic pulse velocity, were performed on hardened mortars. Thereafter, a series of predefined properties, namely dry bulk density, compressive and flexural strength, water absorption coefficient (due to capillary) of the hardened mortars were determined. Finally, in order to understand the hydration mechanism of the materials as it relates to the strength properties, microscale tests, SEM and XRD, were used to examine the fragments of the selected mortars. From the results, a mortar sample containing 10% ceramic powder and 100% ceramic aggregate as replacements for cement and sand respectively, gave higher strength values than the reference and other mixes.Microstructural analysis of the best mix revealed that it has larger proportions of ettringite, portlandite and calcite than the reference mix, and this could be responsible for the strength 2 gained. Thus, despite the apparent low reactivity of crushed ceramic material, this can improve bonding in cement-based mixture, when used at an appropriate concentration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 64%

Suitability of mortars produced using laterite and ceramic wastes: Mechanical and microscale analysis

Awoyera

Dawson

Thom

et al. 2017

Construction and Building Materials

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“…Unfortunately, in the tropical zone, the plastic clayey materials, particularly those suitable for the low temperature bricks and pipes are not the most available and are even rare in some areas. Iron-rich clays, laterites and lateritic soils are the most abundant raw materials in the tropical regions, with an abundance that allows sustainable exploitation while preserving the environment [1,2,4]. In those laterites, hematite, goethite and ferryhydrates are the main secondary phases indicative of the degree of the iron accumulation and their diffusion into the matrix.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of river sand is responsible for the predominance of the peaks of alpha-quartz, the principal mineral characterizing the X-ray diffraction patterns. However, focusing on the phases present in the raw laterite [1,4,16] and those from the geopolymers (Figures 2 and 3), it is observed the significant decrease of the peaks of kaolinite (halloysite), goethite and hematite after the geopolymerization. This important decrease is indicative of the extent of geopolymerization of laterites.…”

Section: Characterization Of Laterites Based Geopolymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Sustainable Approach for the Geopolymerization of Natural Iron-Rich Aluminosilicate Materials

et al. 2014

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Two iron-rich clayey materials (L1 and L2, with the main difference being the level of iron accumulation) have been studied for their suitability as solid precursors for inorganic polymer composites. L1, with the lower iron content, was calcined at 700°C for 4 h and used as replacement, in the range of 15-35 wt%, for both raw laterites in the formulations of geopolymeric composites. The different mixtures were activated with a highly concentrated alkaline solution containing sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. River sand with semi-crystalline structure was added to form semi-dry pastes which were pressed to appropriate shape. X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry results demonstrated the effectiveness of the calcined fraction of L1 to act as nucleation sites and extend the geopolymerization to the matrix composites. A highly compact matrix with low porosity and good stability in water, together with a strength comparable to that of standard concretes was obtained allowing for conclusions to be made on the quality of laterites as promising solid precursor for sustainable, environmentally-friendly, and cost-efficient structural materials.

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“…This should give a better picture of the various properties of lateritic soils derived from different parent materials in their use for compressed earth bricks. The use of naturally available tropical soils to produce Compressed Earth Bricks (CEBs) that are economical and fire resistant has been well researched (Bahar et al 2004;Horpibulsuk et al 2005;Jiménez Delgado and Guerrero 2007;Kasthurba et al 2007;Kasthurba et al 2008;Das et al 2010;Deboucha and Hashim 2011;Muntohar 2011;Reddy 2012;Bachar et al 2014;Nagaraj et al 2014). Most of these papers are mainly centred on the strength, durability and important use of tropical soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geotechnical characterisation of lateritic soils from south-western Nigeria as materials for cost-effective and energy-efficient building bricks

Oyelami

Rooy

2016

Environ Earth Sci

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Lateritic soils which have been described as highly weathered tropical or sub-tropical residual soils, were studied with an attempt to establish its suitability or otherwise as sustainable material in building bricks and housing development that will meet the present challenge of sustaining the environment without costing too much and maintaining a high standard of strength, durability and aesthetics. Index properties of the tested lateritic soils revealed them as mostly well-graded, comprising both cohesive (silt and clay) and cohesionless (sand and gravel) soil fraction. The geotechnical analyses on the studied lateritic soil revealed a strong compressive strength with a relatively sound dry density which could guarantee a good durability in resulting bricks made from these soil materials.Further test on the strength and durability of the compressed earth bricks (CEBs) made from these lateritic soils revealed a brick with compressive strength ranging between 6.33 and 15.57 MPa which are considered to be good strength coupled with its sound durability strength established over a period more than one year under a complete cycle of weather and seasonal conditions.In conclusion, lateritic soils from the study area were found to be suitable as materials for bricks (CEB) with good compressive and durability strength which qualifies them sustainable and cost effective materials for lowcost housing development.

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Investigation of laterite stones for building purpose from Malabar region, Kerala, SW India - Chemical analysis and microstructure studies

Cited by 36 publications

References 2 publications

Suitability of mortars produced using laterite and ceramic wastes: Mechanical and microscale analysis

Suitability of mortars produced using laterite and ceramic wastes: Mechanical and microscale analysis

A Sustainable Approach for the Geopolymerization of Natural Iron-Rich Aluminosilicate Materials

Geotechnical characterisation of lateritic soils from south-western Nigeria as materials for cost-effective and energy-efficient building bricks

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