Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Salt Spray Corrosion Test Parameters Optimization for AA8079 with Reinforcement of TiN + ZrO2

Sathish, T.; Mohanavel, V.; Arunkumar, T.; Raja, T.; Rashedi, Ahmad; Alarifi, Ibrahim M.; Badruddin, Irfan Anjum; Algahtani, Ali; Afzal, Asif

doi:10.3390/ma14185260

Cited by 25 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In addition, in Ref. [14] the marble production system in Italy was studied, and it was reported that the highest burdens came from the marble quarrying operations due to the massive amount of fossil fuels and electricity consumption; furthermore, the marble production system emitted CO 2 , SO 2 , NOx, non-volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), and heavy metals [14,30,31]. Among the nine (09) environmental impacts caused by the marble production chain, [15] found the highest contribution of the marble tile production chain to GWP, AP, EP, and HT in Italy, which is in line with the results of the present study conducted in Pakistan.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, Energy, and Water Footprints of Marble Tile Production Chain in a Life Cycle Perspective

et al. 2022

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The marble industry is growing in Pakistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province is the largest producer of marble tiles in Pakistan. Marble production consumes a considerable amount of water during its life cycle stages and impacts various environmental compartments, such as air, water, and soil; therefore, this study aimed to quantify the environmental impacts, water footprint, and cumulative energy demand of one-tonne marble tile manufactured in a small industrial estate Mardan (SIEM), Pakistan, and provide recommendations to improve its environmental impact profile. The study covers water consumption, energy use, and associated environmental impacts of raw materials and processes through different stages of the marble life-cycle during 2017–2018. The cradle-to-gate (extraction to factory gate or store house) life cycle assessment approach was followed in this study. The functional unit for the current study was one tonne of finished marble tile produced. Primary data from the field surveys and secondary data were modeled using the water scarcity index (WSI), CML 2000 v.2.05 methodology, and the cumulative energy demand indicator present by default in SimaPro v.8.3 software. The total water footprint required for one tonne of finished marble tile was 3.62 cubic meters per tonne (m3/t), with electricity consumed at processing units contributing to environmental burdens the most. Similarly, electricity consumed (at processing units and during polishing) and transportation of finished marble tile to the local market were responsible for global warming potential (388 kg CO2 eq/tonne tile), human toxicity (84.34 kg 1,4-DB-eq/tonne), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (94.97kg 1,4-DB eq/tonne) and abiotic depletion (7.1 × 10−5 kg Sb eq/tonne). The results of our study follow other marble tile LCA studies conducted globally (such as in Turkey and Italy), which also reported a high contribution to GWP, AP, EP, and HT due to electricity and fossil fuels consumption. The total cumulative energy demand (CED) was calculated as 5863.40 MJ (Mega Joule), with most energy usage associated with non-renewable fossil fuel sources. The results indicated that reducing electricity (using standard automatic machinery) and waste materials, especially paper and plastic wastes, can reduce environmental impacts. Most of the surveyed industrial units did not have wastewater treatment and recycling plants, and wastewater directly flows to nearby freshwater bodies and terrestrial ecosystems. These wastewaters should be adequately treated before being discharged into freshwater aquatic bodies. Environmental impacts must be improved by using the latest automatic machinery, reducing waste materials generation, reducing the distance between processing units and the market, and installing wastewater recycling plants.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental, Energy, and Water Footprints of Marble Tile Production Chain in a Life Cycle Perspective

et al. 2022

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“…Regarding this, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis were used in the present investigation for thermal analysis using STA 409 PL Luxx instrument. In which, a mass of the sample is measured while varying the sample temperature to provide information about various physical phenomena such as desorption, adsorption, absorption and phase transition and about chemical phenomena such as solid-gas reactions, thermal decomposition and chemisorption [25][26][27][28][29][30]. Various samples of 10 mg were kept on the platinum pan where temperature was increased from 30 °C to 550 °C.…”

Section: Thermal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of asna fibre reinforced with epoxy resin with and without steel wire mesh and simulation of car bumper

Venkatesan

Dhineshbabu

Varsala

et al. 2022

Mater. Res. Express

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The utilization of natural fiber composites has been increased in replacing various parts in the automobile sector made up of synthetic fiber due to its degradability nature and environment friendliness. In this work, the naturally available Asna fiber was processed and the composites were prepared without and with steel wire mesh in various volume fractions (vf) of the fiber. In the present experimental investigation, the influence of different composite on the thermal, mechanical, and water absorption characteristics. Various properties such as tensile, flexural and impact strength were tested for the multiple composites. Subsequently, a simulation model of a car front bumper was prepared using ANSYS to test it while defining the determined properties of the composites. The test results showed that when vf was increased from 0.4 to 0.5%, the tensile and flexural were decreased by 0.72% and 59%, respectively, whereas impact strength was increased by 5.9% for the composite without wire mesh. The tensile and flexural strengths were decreased by 18.2 %, whereas impact strength was increased by 1.6% for 0.5 vf of the composite when steel wire mesh was added to the composite. The investigation of composite’s thermal behavior showed that when the temperature range comes within 330-370oC, the composites started decomposing. Various images were captured using Scanning Electron Microscope to investigate the fibers’ dispersion in epoxy polymers and its interfacial bonding. The simulation results showed that the bumper made up of the composite with wire mesh provides a better impact strength as compared to other composites and steel.

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“…Globally, there has been a focus on biofuels, particularly those derived from crops such as corn, sugarcane, and soybeans, which are regarded as renewable energy sources by some experts. Wood and crop leftovers are also used as a biofuel [8,9]. Alternative energy sources that are nearby available, particularly renewable, and ecologically beneficial by helping CO 2 balance should be investigated and used to meet energy demands [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle environmental sustainability and cumulative energy assessment of biomass pellets biofuel derived from agroforest residues

Rashedi

Gul²,

Hussain³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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This study was carried out to produce low-emitting biomass pellets biofuel from selected forest trees such as (Cedrus deodara and Pinus wallichiana) and agricultural crop residues such as (Zea mays and Triticum aestivum) in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan using indigenously developed technology called pelletizer machine. Characterization, environmental life cycle impact assessment, and cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agriculture crops and forest tree residues were conducted. The primary data for biomass pellets production was collected by visiting various wood processing factories, sawmills, and agricultural crop fields in the study area. Biomass pellets are a type of biofuel that is often made by compressing sawdust and crushing biomass material into a powdery form. The particles are agglomerated as the raw material is extensively compressed and pelletized. Biomass pellets have lower moisture content, often less than 12%. Physically, the produced pellets were characterized to determine moisture content, pellet dimensions, bulk density, higher heating value, ash content, lower heating value, and element analysis. A functional unit of one kilogram (kg) biomass pellets production was followed in this study.The life cycle impact assessment of one kg biomass pellets biofuel produced from selected agro-forest species revealed environmental impact categories such as acidification (0.006 kg SO2 eq/kg pellets), abiotic depletion (0.018 kg Sb eq/kg pellets), marine aquatic ecotoxicity (417.803 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), human toxicity (1.107 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity (0.191 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets), eutrophication (0.001 kg PO4 eq/kg pellets), global warming (0.802 kg CO2 eq/kg pellets), and terrestrial ecotoxicity (0.008 kg 1,4-DB eq/kg pellets). Fossil fuel consumption was the hotspot source to all environmental impacts investigated. To measure the cumulative energy demand of biomass pellets made from different agroforestry species leftovers showed that the maximum cumulative energy was from wheat straw pellets (13.737 MJ), followed by corncob pellets (11.754 MJ), deodar sawdust pellets (10.905 MJ) and blue pine sawdust pellets (10.877 MJ). Among the various production activities, collection and transportation of primary raw material, crushing, screening, adding adhesives, pelletizing, cooling, final screening, and packing have the maximum contribution to the water scarcity index, followed by lubricating oil (0.00147m3). In contrast, the minimum contribution to water footprint was from electricity (0.00008m3) and wheat starch (0.00005m3). The highest contribution to the ecological footprint impact categories such as carbon dioxide, nuclear, and land occupation was lubricating oil and less contribution of wheat starch and electricity for manufacturing one kg pellets biofuel. It is concluded that physico-mechanical and combustion properties of the biomass pellets biofuel developed in the present study were following the Italian recommended standards. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the Government of Pakistan should introduce the renewable biomass pellets industry in the country to reduce dependency on fossil fuels for cooking and heating purposes.

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Investigation of Mechanical Properties and Salt Spray Corrosion Test Parameters Optimization for AA8079 with Reinforcement of TiN + ZrO2

Cited by 25 publications

References 48 publications

Environmental, Energy, and Water Footprints of Marble Tile Production Chain in a Life Cycle Perspective

Environmental, Energy, and Water Footprints of Marble Tile Production Chain in a Life Cycle Perspective

Effects of asna fibre reinforced with epoxy resin with and without steel wire mesh and simulation of car bumper

Life cycle environmental sustainability and cumulative energy assessment of biomass pellets biofuel derived from agroforest residues

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