Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Łakomy, Piotr; Kwaśna, Hanna; Kuźmiński, Robert; Napierała-Filipiak, Anna; Filipiak, M.; Behnke, Kerstin; Behnke‐Borowczyk, Jolanta

doi:10.12657/denbio.076.013

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…DED occurrence was determined on the basis of its commonly known symptoms described e.g., by Hartman et al [28]: Characteristic withering of leaves, ring-like discolouration within the sapwood, characteristic beetle feeding galleries under the bark of dying trees. From some forest stands, samples were collected and subjected to phytopathological inspection in the laboratory, which usually confirmed the occurrence of pathogenic Ophiostoma species, as reported in a separate paper [23].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Napierała-Filipiak

Filipiak

Łakomy

2019

Forests

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In nearly 600 randomly selected forest stands including elms (Ulmus spp.), we conducted field research to identify them to species level and to find trees showing symptoms of Dutch elm disease (DED). The presented data show that all the 3 native elms (U. glabra, U. laevis, and U. minor) still exist in the whole ranges of their distribution in Poland reported earlier, but their role as forest-forming species has changed. In comparison to published data, the contribution of U. minor has markedly decreased, while an increased contribution was observed in the case of U. laevis, a species which in the past was predominantly located out of woodland and was rarely cultivated. In mountains, where the most frequent is U. glabra, the contribution of elms to forest stands is currently clearly lower than in the lowlands and uplands of Poland. The observed changes most probably result from Dutch elm disease. It cannot be excluded that the changes are at least partly linked with natural correction of forest stand composition modified earlier by human activity (silviculture). In all parts of Poland, trees with symptoms of Dutch elm disease are found, but large-scale decline (of a majority of elm trees) is observed only in about 1.5% of the directly investigated localities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The occurrence of both these strains as well as O. americana was reported in 2004. However, in studies conducted by our research team, only O. novo-ulmi was identified [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Napierała-Filipiak

Filipiak

Łakomy

2019

Forests

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“…The disease is still prevalent, causing successive waves of death across the UK and mainland Europe at 15–25 year intervals (Harwood, Tomlinson, Potter, & Knight, ; Łakomy et al., ). Once new stems arising from basal sprouts reach 5–9 m and around 10 cm DBH they are susceptible to the Scolytus beetles (Bowdith & Macdonald, ; Savill, ) creating cycles of re‐infection (Harwood et al., ).…”

Section: Herbivory and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease is still prevalent, causing successive waves of death across the UK and mainland Europe at 15-25 year intervals Łakomy et al, 2016).…”

Section: Plant Parasites and Epiphytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

2018

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This account presents information on all aspects of the biology of Ulmus glabraHudson (wych elm) that are relevant to understanding its ecological characteristics and behaviour. The main topics are presented within the standard framework of the Biological Flora of the British Isles: distribution, habitat, communities, responses to biotic factors, responses to environment, structure and physiology, phenology, floral and seed characters, herbivores and disease, history and conservation.2. Ulmus glabra is a large forest tree, and often an important canopy tree in ancient and semi-natural woodlands. It is primarily native to the north and west of Britain and much of mainland Europe. It is the only elm native to Ireland. It is the most distinct of the British elms in that it rarely suckers and sets abundant viable seed.Although found on limestone screes and cliffs, and hedgerows, it is primarily a woodland tree, especially on moist, basic soils. In many secondary woodlands, it often co-occurs with Acer pseudoplatanus and has ecological needs that are similar to Fraxinus excelsior. 3.Ulmus glabra has clusters of c. 25 hermaphrodite flowers appearing before the leaves on previous year's growth. Seeds are wind-dispersed, falling in April to July, but remain viable for only a few days. Nevertheless, seedling establishment can be abundant. Hybridisation with other northern European elms is common but hybrids are notoriously difficult to identify and therefore probably under-recorded.4. The health and survival of wych elm in Europe has been seriously compromised since the 1970s due to Dutch elm disease caused by the fungus Ophiostoma novoulmi, transmitted by elm bark beetles (Scolytus spp.). To the south of its Scottish stronghold, many elms are reduced to small trees regrowing from basal sprouts or seeds. These trees tend to be reinfected once trunk diameter exceeds 10 cm.Fortunately for its long-term survival, seed production usually begins a number of years before they are reinfected.

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“…The resources of these trees have been greatly reduced as a result of a decrease in the total area of riparian forests, and, for nearly 100 years, they have been destroyed by Dutch elm disease (DED)-a fungal pathogen that was-as quite commonly accepted -spread as a result of human activity [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Populations and Habitat Preferences of Three Elm Species in Conditions Prevailing on Plains of Poland

Napierała-Filipiak

Filipiak

Jaworek-Jakubska

2021

Forests

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From among the 35–40 elm species existing around the world, three are native to Europe: the wych elm (Ulmus glabra Huds.), the European white elm, (Ulmus laevis Pall.), and the field elm (Ulmus minor Mill.). The populations of these trees have been greatly reduced as a result of a decrease in the total area of riparian forests. Furthermore, for nearly 100 years, they have been destroyed by Dutch elm disease (DED). The main research problems of this study are: what are the habitat preferences of elms growing in a given area; and whether the occurrence of DED depends on the species of elm and the habitat in which it occurs. The results presented here are based on field studies and observations have been supplemented with data from forest inventories. All of the examined elms are definitely more abundant in habitats that are fertile or very fertile and moist, with a neutral or slightly alkaline soil pH. The preference for moist sites is the most evident in the case of U. laevis and the least evident in the case of U. glabra. A slight shift in habitat preferences of the field elm, compared to the white elm, towards less humid conditions was observed. The predominant species of elm in the studied area is currently U. laevis, which was rarely cultivated in forests in the past. In the examined area, the field elm population is clearly on the decline mainly due to the long-term presence of Dutch elm disease. U. glabra is the rarest species in the examined area and most often found on slopes. The current proportions of individual species should be maintained. This paper discusses factors, including ones not connected with DED, that may be responsible for the current state of populations of particular species of elm in forests of Central Europe.

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Investigation of Ophiostoma population infected elms in Poland

Cited by 10 publications

References 18 publications

Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Changes in the Species Composition of Elms (Ulmus spp.) in Poland

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Ulmus glabra

The Populations and Habitat Preferences of Three Elm Species in Conditions Prevailing on Plains of Poland

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