Investigation of oxidative stress parameters in different lifespan erythrocyte fractions in young untrained men after acute exercise

Abstract

Edited by: Shigehiko Ogoh New Findings r What is the central question of this study?What is the influence of a single bout of exercise on the properties of erythrocyte fractions at different ages? r What is the main finding and its importance?A single bout of exercise in untrained men induced oxidative stress in erythrocytes and had an influence on antioxidant defense in these cells. Old erythrocytes were more sensitive to oxidative damage than young and middle-aged cells. Higher levels of glutathione in old erythrocyte fractions did not protect them against oxidative stress. It seems that exercise may promote the removal of old erythrocytes from the circulation.The objective of this study was to establish the role of exercise-induced oxidative stress in the erythrocyte fractions [young (YF), middle-aged (MAF) and old (OF)] of young untrained men after acute exercise. Blood samples were collected before exercise, immediately after and 1 h after exercise. The maximal power generated was 292 ± 27 W, and exercise duration was 8.73 ± 0.9 min. Different optical properties and oxidative stress parameters were found in each erythrocyte fraction. Total thiols in YF and MAF after exercise and after 1 h rest were similar to values before exercise; however, in OF {32.7 ± 9.8 nmol [mg haemoglobin (

Red Blood Cell Aging as a Homeostatic Response to Exercise-Induced Stress

“…In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that exercise causes various forms of physiological stress such as oxidation, increased shear stress, and inflammation [2,8,13,14] that induce an acceleration of the removal of the oldest, most susceptible RBCs. This occurs already during the first day of prolonged moderate-level exercise and may represent an early homeostatic adaptation leading to a functionally improved RBC population.…”

“…The same stress mechanism may be operative in vivo, in view of the light hypernatremia due to inadequate fluid intake in the first days of the Four Days Marches observed before [11]. Exercise is accompanied by increased oxidation and methemoglobin formation, especially in the oldest RBCs [2,32]. It is possible that this increased susceptibility to oxidation is responsible for the small increase in hemolysis.…”

“…Aging of RBCs is associated with the removal of damaged membrane proteins by the shedding of vesicles, loss of deformability, and oxygen binding, and with the appearance of molecules and/or epitopes that promote recognition and removal by the immune system. The mechanisms underlying functional as well as immunological RBC aging in vivo are likely to be triggered by oxidation, which induces an increase in susceptibility to physiological stress [1,2]. Experimental support for the latter hypothesis is mostly provided by the response of RBCs from healthy donors aged in vivo and RBCs from blood bank concentrates aged in vitro to various stress factors in vitro [1,3].…”

Use of Saliva Biomarkers to Monitor Efficacy of Vitamin C in Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

“…Blood is the most common for exercise-induced oxidative stress and biomarker extraction. Biomarkers present in blood include protein carbonyls [83,84,85,86]; total antioxidant capacity [87,88]; F 2 -isoprostanes [89,90]; malondialdehyde [91]; and Thiobarbituric Acid-Reactive Substances (TBARS), of malondialdehyde [92,93]. The presence of such blood biomarkers does not necessarily indicate damage is occurring in the surrounding cells/tissues; malondialdehyde, for instance, can be a product of actual damaged-tissue but also a product of reactive species.…”

Erythrocyte Senescence in a Model of Rat Displaying Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

“…GSH is known to have effective free radical scavenging action on a wide range of reactive oxygen species including hydroxyl radicals, lipid peroxyl radicals, peroxynitrites, and H 2 O 2 , either directly or indirectly acting as substrates for glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) and glutathione- S -transferase (GST) enzymatic reactions [ 53 ]. Since erythrocytes experience a significant oxidative challenge from several sources including the auto oxidation of hemoglobin as well as those contributed by leukocytes, neutrophils, and other phagocytic cells in the circulation [ 54 ], reduced glutathione plays a vital role in mitigating the consequent damages. The erythrocyte GSH content is the net result of the rate of GSH synthesis and its intracellular utilization and efflux.…”