Investigation of Pesticides in Rainwater at Isogo Ward of Yokohama

Sakai, Manabu

doi:10.1248/jhs.49.221

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Pesticides detected in coastal areas mostly come from river tributaries that received effluents from farming activities located upstream. In some instances, pesticides can pollute coastal environments through aerial spray drifts from agricultural lands (Gil and Sinfort 2005) or they can also be carried by rainfall (Sakai 2003;Suzuki et al 2003), but these transport mechanisms rarely happen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pesticide residues in freshwater areas affected by rice paddy effluents in Southern Japan

Añasco

Uno

Koyama

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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Pesticide residues in five freshwater areas that are directly affected by rice paddy effluents in southern Japan were measured to determine their maximum concentrations and temporal variations. Water samples were collected every week during the 2005 rice planting season in Kagoshima Prefecture and stations were established in Amori River, Sudo River, Nagaida River (that drains into the bigger Kotsuki River), rice paddy drainage canal, and wastewater reservoir (that collects effluents from rice paddy fields). Of the 14 target pesticides examined, a total of 11 were detected in all stations. Mefenacet, fenobucarb, and flutolanil were the three pesticides with the highest maximum concentrations and were also detected frequently. Analysis of temporal variations of pesticides showed that herbicides had relatively higher concentrations in the earlier stages of the rice planting season, while insecticides and fungicides had relatively higher concentrations at the later stages. There was no significant difference among stations with regards to the temporal patterns of the top three pesticides. The calculated toxic units were less than 1 in all stations, implying low or negligible environmental risk of pesticides detected to freshwater organisms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of pesticide residues in freshwater areas affected by rice paddy effluents in Southern Japan

Añasco

Uno

Koyama

et al. 2008

Environ Monit Assess

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“…DDVP is the most frequently detected pesticide in the atmosphere. Its frequency of detection in rainwater is up to 65%, and the highest concentration was found to be 0.33 µg/L in Japan (18). Pesticides exist in air as gases or particles or are distributed between these two phases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Photooxidation of Dichlorvos: A Quantum Mechanical Study

Zhang

Wang

2007

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl phosphate, DDVP) is a widely used organophosphorus insecticide. DDVP may be released into the atmosphere, where it may be transported for long distances and undergo chemical transformations. The mechanisms of the atmospheric reactions of DDVP have not been fully understood because of the short lifetime of its oxidized radical intermediates and the extreme difficulty in the detection of these species experimentally. In this paper, we carried out molecular orbital theory calculations for the OH-initiated atmospheric photooxidation of DDVP. The profile of the potential energy surface was constructed, and the possible channels involved in the reaction are discussed. Several energetically favorable reaction pathways are revealed for the first time. The calculated results were compared with the available experimental observations. Four product pathways are energetically feasible for DDVP degradation initiated by OH radicals in the atmosphere and are consistent with the experimentally observed products CCl2O and CO, but the additional products CCl2CHO, (CH3O)2P(O)OH, HO2, and a closed-shell organophosphorus compound denoted P10 are also predicted.

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“…Gas-phase concentration of dichlorvos were found to be in the range of 0.2-6.6 ng m -3 in 1996 in Canada (11), while its levels in rainfall varied in the range of 2-107 ng L -1 in Canada (11) and reached up to 330 ng L -1 in Japan (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Fate of Dichlorvos: Photolysis and OH-Initiated Oxidation Studies

Feigenbrugel

Person

Calvé

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The OH-initiated oxidation of dichlorvos (a widely used insecticide) has been investigated under atmospheric conditions at the large outdoor European photoreactor (EUPHORE) in Valencia, Spain. The rate constant of OH reaction with dichlorvos, k, was measured by using a conventional relative rate technique where 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) and cyclohexane were taken as references. With the use of the rate constants of 5.67 x 10(-11) and of 6.97 x 10(-12) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) for the reactions OH + TMB and OH + cyclohexane, respectively, the resulting value of the OH reaction rate constant with dichlorvos was derived to be k = (2.6 +/- 0.3) x 10(-11) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1). The tropospheric lifetime of dichlorvos with respect to reaction with OH radical has been estimated to be around 11 h. The major carbon-containing products observed for the OH reaction with dichlorvos in air under sunlight condition were phosgene and carbon monoxide. The formation of a very stable toxic primary product such as phosgene associated with the relatively short lifetime of dichlorvos may make the use of this pesticide even more toxic for humans when released into the atmosphere.

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Investigation of Pesticides in Rainwater at Isogo Ward of Yokohama

Cited by 14 publications

References 15 publications

Assessment of pesticide residues in freshwater areas affected by rice paddy effluents in Southern Japan

Assessment of pesticide residues in freshwater areas affected by rice paddy effluents in Southern Japan

Mechanism of OH-Initiated Atmospheric Photooxidation of Dichlorvos: A Quantum Mechanical Study

Atmospheric Fate of Dichlorvos: Photolysis and OH-Initiated Oxidation Studies

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