Investigation of polymerization and copolymerization of 9-vinyl-anthracenes

Krakovyak, M. G.; Ануфриева, Е. В.; Shelekhov, N. S.; Skorokhodov, S. S.

doi:10.1016/0014-3057(74)90180-3

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Anthracene-containing polymers have attracted much attention due to their potential use as semiconductors, photoresist materials, and fluorescent probes. − Various methods have been developed to attach anthracene moieties to polymers. − Conventional free radical polymerization is usually used for the synthesis of anthracene-containing polymers since it is easy to perform, − but the structures of the polymers obtained in this way are ill-defined; i.e., the molecular weights are not predetermined, and the molecular weight distributions are broad. Anionic polymerization has been used to solve this problem, and well-defined anthracene-containing polymers with predetermined molecular weights and low polydispersities were obtained .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Anthracene End-Capped Poly(methyl methacrylate)s via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Its Kinetic Analyses

2002

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The synthesis of anthracene end-capped poly(methyl methacrylate)s via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and the kinetic analyses thereof are reported. Methyl methacrylate was polymerized in toluene at 90 °C (or 60 °C) via ATRP using 9-anthracenemethyl-2-bromoisobutyrate as the initiator and CuBr/N-(n-hexyl)pyridylmethanimine as the catalyst. Anthracene end-capped polymers with predetermined molecular weights and low polydispersities (PDI < 1.3) were obtained and characterized by 1H NMR and UV−vis. The initiator and Cu(I) concentrations, initially added Cu(II) concentration, and reaction temperature of the ATRP system have a decisive effect on the kinetics of the reaction. When the initiator and Cu(I) concentrations or the reaction temperature are relatively high, or the initially added Cu(II) concentration is relatively low, and consequently the radical concentration in the system is relatively high, the kinetics of the polymerization fits Fischer's equation (ln([M]0/[M]) ∝ t 2/3). On the other hand, Matyjaszewski's equation (ln([M]0/[M]) ∝ t) can be fitted quite well when the initiator and Cu(I) concentrations or the reaction temperature are so low or the initially added Cu(II) concentration becomes so high that radical termination is negligible. This kinetic transition is of great importance for better understanding the mechanism of ATRP. The equilibrium and termination constants (K eq and k t) for the studied ATRP system at 90 °C are 9.1 × 10-8 and 1.3 × 108 M-1 s-1, respectively. The experimental evidence for Fischer's theoretically derived threshold Cu(II) concentration for the kinetic transition, i.e., [Cu(II)]0, t = (3K eq[RX]0[Cu(I)]0 k t/k p)1/2, is provided.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Anthracene End-Capped Poly(methyl methacrylate)s via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Its Kinetic Analyses

2002

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“…There are two functional groups in 9-VA, i.e., C=C group and anthracene group. The former is thermally active, while the latter is optically active [53,54]. The reverse reaction of photodimerization occurs under the ~254 nm UV irradiation or heated up to 200 • C [55,56], which guarantees the stability of the 9-VA-doped PMMA POF.…”

Section: -Vamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2.4. 9-VA 9-VA is a derivative of anthracene and a typical photosensitive dye [53][54][55][56]. By doping photosensitive material 9-VA, both the photosensitivity and the stability of the POF can be enhanced [30].…”

Section: Dpdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Achievements on Grating Fabrications in Polymer Optical Fibers with Photosensitive Dopants: A Review

et al. 2022

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This review discusses recent achievements on grating fabrications in polymer optical fibers doped with photosensitive materials. First, different photosensitive dopants in polymer optical fibers (POFs) are summarized, and their refractive index change mechanisms are discussed. Then, several different doping methods to fabricate the photosensitive POFs are presented. Following that, the principles of gratings, including standard fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs), chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs), phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (PSFBGs), and long period fiber gratings (LPFGs), are reported. Finally, fabrications of different gratings based on photosensitive POFs in the last 20 years are reported. We present our article clearly and logically, so that it will be helpful for researchers to explore a broad perspective on this proposed topic. Overall, the content provides a comprehensive overview of photosensitive POF fabrications and grating inscriptions in photosensitive POFs, including previous breakthroughs and recent advancements.

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“…There have been reports on the free radical (co)polymerization of 9-vinylanthracene. − However, due to steric hindrance and the formation of stabilized nonreactive dibenzylic radicals inhibiting the addition of the next monomer, the polymerization is slow while anthracene-containing polyamides were reported by Rabjohns et al These polyamides were insoluble in organic solvents …”

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confidence: 99%

“…40 There have been reports on the free radical (co)polymerization of 9-vinylanthracene. [41][42][43][44] However, due to steric hindrance and the formation of stabilized nonreactive dibenzylic radicals inhibiting the addition of the next monomer, the polymerization is slow. 45 De Andrade and Atvars reported the synthesis of poly(n-butyl methacrylate-co-styrene-co-9-vinylanthracene) by semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization, 46 while anthracene-containing polyamides were reported by Rabjohns et al 47 These polyamides were insoluble in organic solvents.…”

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confidence: 99%

Redox-Sensitive Copolymer: A Single-Component pH Sensor

Robinson

Lawrence

2006

Anal. Chem.

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A novel redox-active copolymer has been developed, capable of sensing pH. The polymer incorporates the redox-active but pH-insensitive vinylferrocene moiety as the internal reference signal, alongside the redox-active and pH-sensitive vinylanthracene moiety. The anthracene moiety undergoes a Nernstian potential shift with pH. The various monomer and homopolymer components have been examined in turn and the electrochemical response of the polymer characterized. Furthermore, the pH response was found to be stable over a wide temperature range.

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Investigation of polymerization and copolymerization of 9-vinyl-anthracenes

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

Synthesis of Anthracene End-Capped Poly(methyl methacrylate)s via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Its Kinetic Analyses

Synthesis of Anthracene End-Capped Poly(methyl methacrylate)s via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization and Its Kinetic Analyses

Recent Achievements on Grating Fabrications in Polymer Optical Fibers with Photosensitive Dopants: A Review

Redox-Sensitive Copolymer: A Single-Component pH Sensor

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