Investigation of potential anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stem extracts in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization

Abstract

Background The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems. Methods Observing anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control. Results The results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.

Antilithiatic effect of Triticum aestivum against sodium oxalate-induced lithiasis in rat model

“…Nephrolithiasis usually arise from an inequality between the requirement of kidneys to conserve body fluid and the necessity to remove the low solubility waste products, which resulted in disruption between calculi promoters and inhibitors (Duval et al, 2014;Pandhare et al, 2021). Lastly, this imbalance increased, which may be due to alterations in diet and fluid intake, degree of physical exercise and activity, and climate changes (Zarin et al, 2020). The prevalence of lithiasis increased globally, especially in the last decades, and now lithiasis is ranked as a third predominant complaint in the urinary system (Pawar & Vyawahare, 2017).…”

Investigation of the potential anti-urolithiatic activity of Alhagi maurorum (Boiss.) grown wild in Al-Ahsa (Eastern Province), Saudi Arabia

“…Several medicinal plant species have been investigated for their effect in treating urolithiasis both in in vitro and in vivo (Chilivery et al, 2016;Abu Zarin et al, 2020;Mosquera et al, 2020). The plant selected for this study is widely used for the treatment of renal calculi or to prevent their formation (Badshah and Hussain, 2011;Mikaili et al, 2012;Muhammad et al, 2015;Varshochi and Asadollahi, 2015).…”

Phytochemical Screening and in vitro Anti-urolithiatic Activity of Fruit-seed Extracts of Melia azedarach

“…The anti-urolithiatic activity was determined using aggregation assay (23). Calcium oxalate was prepared by mixing equimolar calcium chloride solution (50 mM) and sodium oxalate solution (50 mM) and allowed it to stand overnight for the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.…”