Investigation of probiotics in multiple sclerosis

Tankou, Stephanie; Regev, Keren; Healy, Brian C.; Cox, Laura M.; Tjon, Emily; Kivisäkk, Pia; Vanande, Isabelle P; Cook, Sandra; Gandhi, Roopali; Glanz, Bonnie I.; Stankiewicz, James; Weiner, Howard L.

doi:10.1177/1352458517737390

Cited by 120 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…We show that EAE improvement is associated with an increase in the frequency of T reg cells and with a reduction in the frequency of plasma cells in mice under Lactibiane iki treatment. However, no significant change in the frequency of T reg or plasma cells was observed under Vivomixx treatment, consistent with prior studies in MS patients [17,18]. T reg cells can suppress pathogenic immune responses by reducing or modulating the population of effector T cells mediated through immunosuppressive cytokine secretion or cell-cell interaction [48][49][50].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Regarding Bifidobacteria, probiotics composed of different strains including Bifidobacterium have exhibited beneficial effects in EAE [11,69] and MS [17,18] and have been correlated with anti-inflammatory immune markers. Concerning Vivomixx, composed by genera Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Streptococcus, the observed increase in the genus Streptococcus (family Streptococcaceae) is consistent with probiotic composition, with prior studies in Vivomixx-treated MS patients, and connected to anti-inflammatory responses affecting mainly DCs and monocytes [17,18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Vivomixx treatment has also demonstrated to induce IL-10 in a mouse model of colitis [15] as well as to promote anti-inflammatory immune responses in experimental diabetes [16]. Recently, Weiner laboratory has described the anti-inflammatory effect of Vivomixx treatment in MS patients that seems to be related to monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) functions [17,18]. Our results suggest that Lactibiane iki plays a noticeable role in both the immune response and CNS inflammation and demyelination in this experimental model of MS, being capable of reverting already established clinical signs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Commercial Probiotic Induces Tolerogenic and Reduces Pathogenic Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Calvo-Barreiro

Eixarch

Ponce-Alonso

et al. 2020

Cells

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Previous studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models have shown that some probiotic bacteria beneficially impact the development of this experimental disease. Here, we tested the therapeutic effect of two commercial multispecies probiotics-Lactibiane iki and Vivomixx-on the clinical outcome of established EAE. Lactibiane iki improves EAE clinical outcome in a dose-dependent manner and decreases central nervous system (CNS) demyelination and inflammation. This clinical improvement is related to the inhibition of pro-inflammatory and the stimulation of immunoregulatory mechanisms in the periphery. Moreover, both probiotics modulate the number and phenotype of dendritic cells (DCs). Specifically, Lactibiane iki promotes an immature, tolerogenic phenotype of DCs that can directly induce immune tolerance in the periphery, while Vivomixx decreases the percentage of DCs expressing co-stimulatory molecules. Finally, gut microbiome analysis reveals an altered microbiome composition related to clinical condition and disease progression. This is the first preclinical assay that demonstrates that a commercial probiotic performs a beneficial and dose-dependent effect in EAE mice and one of the few that demonstrates a therapeutic effect once the experimental disease is established. Because this probiotic is already available for clinical trials, further studies are being planned to explore its therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Commercial Probiotic Induces Tolerogenic and Reduces Pathogenic Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Calvo-Barreiro

Eixarch

Ponce-Alonso

et al. 2020

Cells

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“…This beneficial effect was IL‐10 dependent, and treatment with Lactobacilli induced Treg cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes, but also in the periphery. A pilot study in humans demonstrated the relevance of probiotics as immunomodulatory agents in patients with MS and healthy controls . Administration of VSL3, a probiotic cocktail of eight bacteria, induced changes in the gut microbiota composition that were associated with anti‐inflammatory immune responses in the periphery.…”

Section: Probiotics and Gut Microbiota‐derived Tryptophan Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of microbiome metabolites on immune regulation and autoimmunity

et al. 2018

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Summary A vast number of studies have demonstrated a remarkable role for the gut microbiota and their metabolites in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS, have revealed that modifying certain intestinal bacterial populations may influence immune cell priming in the periphery, resulting in dysregulation of immune responses and neuroinflammatory processes in the central nervous system (CNS). Conversely, some commensal bacteria and their antigenic products can protect against inflammation within the CNS. Specific components of the gut microbiome have been implicated in the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and subsequent generation of Th17 cells. Similarly, commensal bacteria and their metabolites can also promote the generation of regulatory T‐cells (Treg), contributing to immune suppression. Short‐chain fatty acids may induce Treg either by G‐protein‐coupled receptors or inhibition of histone deacetylases. Tryptophan metabolites may suppress inflammatory responses by acting on the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in T‐cells or astrocytes. Interestingly, secretion of these metabolites can be impaired by excess consumption of dietary components, such as long‐chain fatty acids or salt, indicating that the diet represents an environmental factor affecting the complex crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the immune system. This review discusses new aspects of host–microbiota interaction and the immune system with a special focus on MS as a prototype T‐cell‐mediated autoimmune disease of the CNS.

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“…In addition, treatment of MS by probiotic VSL3 induces enrichment of specific microbial species in intestine and inhibits peripheral monocyte-mediated inflammation [43]. EECs indeed express receptors that recognize SCFAs [44], which are produced at an elevated rate through the fermentation of fiber by gut microbiota.…”

Section: Enteroendocrine Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishing Boundaries: The Relationship That Exists between Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Gut-Dwelling Bacteria

O’Callaghan

Corr

2019

Microorganisms

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The human gastrointestinal (GI) tract is a highly complex organ in which various dynamic physiological processes are tightly coordinated while interacting with a complex community of microorganisms. Within the GI tract, intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) create a structural interface that separates the intestinal lumen from the underlying lamina propria. In the lumen, gut-dwelling microbes play an essential role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. Whether commensal or pathogenic, their interaction with IECs is inevitable. IECs and myeloid immune cells express an array of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that define the interaction of both pathogenic and beneficial bacteria with the intestinal mucosa and mount appropriate responses including induction of barrier-related factors which enhance the integrity of the epithelial barrier. Indeed, the integrity of this barrier and induction of appropriate immune responses is critical to health status, with defects in this barrier and over-activation of immune cells by invading microbes contributing to development of a range of inflammatory and infectious diseases. This review describes the complexity of the GI tract and its interactions with gut bacteria.

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Investigation of probiotics in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 120 publications

References 26 publications

A Commercial Probiotic Induces Tolerogenic and Reduces Pathogenic Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

A Commercial Probiotic Induces Tolerogenic and Reduces Pathogenic Responses in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Impacts of microbiome metabolites on immune regulation and autoimmunity

Establishing Boundaries: The Relationship That Exists between Intestinal Epithelial Cells and Gut-Dwelling Bacteria

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