In this study, we synthesized Y2SiO5 single crystals having various Ce concentrations by the floating zone method and investigated their photoluminescence (PL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) properties. In PL properties, the Ce-doped samples had an emission band centered at 420 nm, which was due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+ ions. In OSL properties, the OSL spectra showed the emission peaks at 420 nm under stimulation at 520 nm, which was also derived from the 5d-4f transitions of Ce3+ ions. The OSL dose response functions had a lower detection limit of 1 mGy for the 0.5 and 1.0% Ce-doped samples, and 10 mGy for the 0.1 and 2.0% Ce-doped samples. The OSL intensity of the 1.0% Ce-doped sample was approximately 69.3% after 24 hours from X-ray irradiation with respect to immediately after the irradiation.