“…Synthetic techniques for actinide nanoparticles have also been reported that include direct decomposition of actinide precursors into nanoparticles in aqueous solutions by irradiation, 2,8,67 sonolysis 68,69 or via hydrothermal approaches. 70,71 These latter methods oen result in nonuniform size distributions and less desirable aggregated particles; however, control over particle size has been effectively achieved by incorporating surfactants into the reaction mixture. For instance, size-controlled syntheses have been reported for a range of anisotropic and isotropic actinide oxide nanoparticles (An ¼ Th, U, Np, Pu) by thermal decomposition of molecular precursors in the presence of organic ligands.…”