Investigation of surface interaction in rGO-CdS photocatalyst for hydrogen production: An insight from XPS studies

Supported nanostructured photocatalysts: the role of support-photocatalyst interactions

“…As stated earlier, dispersion of photocatalysts on the surface of supporting substrates to reduce agglomeration, enhance surface area and increase recyclability is a promising way to improve the applicability of photocatalytic nanomaterials in commercial applications in the future. In recent decades, carbon-based supporting materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, carbon quantum dots (CQDs), fullerene, and carbon black have been widely used as (photo)catalyst support materials and in the formation of photoactive composite materials [167][168][169][170][171][172][173].…”

“…These features make GO adequate support for photocatalysts, and thus metal oxide (MO)/sulfides graphene-based photocatalysts into TiO 2 where they take part in surface redox process; and c the nanotubes can act as an impurity, introducing new energy states (formation of the Ti-O-C bonds) in the bandgap of titania, allowing absorption of low energy photons to generate e − /h + pairs. Reprinted with permission from [96] have recently gained considerable attention [49,103,103,167,169,173,[185][186][187]. The high photoactivity of GOsupported photocatalysts results from the ability of GO to accept electrons and conduct them away from the photocatalyst surface.…”

“…For example, in GO-supported TiO 2 , the photoexcited electrons will flow from the CB of TiO 2 (−0.24 V vs. NHE, pH 0) to the GO (−0.08 V vs. NHE, pH 0), thereby leaving the holes in the VB of TiO 2 for oxidation of organic molecules or water [103]. Consequently, the MO/rGO nanocomposites show enhanced photoactivity [169].…”

One-step fabrication of Cu-based metal organic framework multilayer core–shell microspheres for efficiently catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction

“…6i, j and k) contain two spin-orbit coupling peaks at 163.5 ± 0.1 eV (S 2p 3/2 level of C-S-C) and 164.7 ± 0.1 eV (S 2p 1/2 level of C-S-C). [49][50][51] But, in the S 2p spectrum of Cu-MOF-2-MSs (Fig. 6l), two peaks at 161.3 eV and 163.0 eV correspond to the S 2p 3/2 level and S 2p 1/2 level of S 2− species in CuS.…”

“…3d) show the presence of S 2p 3/2 (163.3 ± 0.1 eV) and S 2p 1/2 levels (164.5 ± 0.1 eV) of thiophene-S (C-S-C). [49][50][51] Furthermore, Cu-N x and thiophene-S sites are conducive to improving the ORR performance of the materials. 52,53 N 2 sorption isotherms of Cu-MOF-MSs (Fig.…”