Investigation of surface properties of treated ITO substrates for organic light-emitting devices

Organosilane grafted silica: Quantitative correlation of microscopic surface characters and macroscopic surface properties

“…After grafting silane molecules, the water contact angle increased significantly, indicating the transition of surface property from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. By applying the Owens-Wendt model, [36] both dispersive and polar contributions to the surface energy can be calculated using equation 2: The contact angle and surface energy of all the samples are summarized in Table 3. It's obvious that the surface energy decreases with increasing silane grafting density, Fig.…”

Surface free energy and wettability properties of transparent conducting oxide-based films with Ag interlayer

“…To give an example, Dong et al prepared sandwich type polymeric solar cells by coating an ITO interlayer treated with UV-ozone on top of an Ag reflector to increase the compatibility of interlayers by realizing a hydrophilic surface [28]. Apart from these, chemical treatment methods were also tried to control the surface properties of TCOs [29][30][31]. For instance, Besbes et al treated the ITO surface by the use of self-assembled monolayer of an electron accepting phosphonic acid to increase the SFE of the ITO, and improved the ITO/polymer interface for using in organic light emitting devices [30].…”

“…For instance, Besbes et al treated the ITO surface by the use of self-assembled monolayer of an electron accepting phosphonic acid to increase the SFE of the ITO, and improved the ITO/polymer interface for using in organic light emitting devices [30]. Arazna et al showed that the treatment of ITO surface in an ultrasonic bath of acetone and alcohol (ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol) is effective for increasing the SFE of the ITO, and this modification might be useful in preparing ITO-based organic light emitting devices [31]. On the other hand, Saafi et al showed that the controlling of the wettability characteristics of ZTO based films that can be used in gas and bio-sensors is critical for photocatalytic performance [37].…”

Microstructure, electrical and optoelectronic characterizations of transparent conductive nanocrystalline $${\mathbf{In}}_{\mathbf{2}}{\mathbf{O}}_{\mathbf{3}}$$ In 2 O 3 :Sn thin films

“…This material has been widely used in many optoelectronic applications such as gas sensors [6], flat panel displays (FPD) [7], solar cells [8], photodiodes [9], light emitting diodes [10], etc. It is also well known that the electrical, optical and microstructure properties of semiconducting oxides like In 2 O 3 depends intensively on defect density created by external doping or disturbed stoichiometry as well as their preparation and deposition conditions [11,12].…”