Investigation of surfactant protein-D and interleukin-6 levels in patients with blunt chest trauma with multiple rib fractures and pulmonary contusions: a cross-sectional study in Black Sea Region of Turkey

Abstract

ObjectiveMultiple rib fractures (RFs) and pulmonary contusions (PCs), with resulting systemic lung inflammation, are the most common injuries caused by blunt chest trauma (BCT) in motor vehicle accidents. This study examined levels of the inflammation marker interleukin (IL)-6 and those of the acute-phase reactant surfactant protein (SP)-D in patients with BCT.DesignProspective, cross-sectional, observational study.SettingSingle-centre, tertiary care hospital in the Black Sea Region of Turkey.ParticipantsThe study included 60 patients with BCT who were hospitalised in our thoracic surgery department.Parameters measuresThe SP-D and IL-6 serum levels of patients with RFs (two or more RFs) (n=30) and patients with PCs (n=30) were measured after 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days, and compared with those of age-matched and gender-matched healthy participants.ResultsThe 6-hour serum SP-D levels of the RFs (p=0.017) and PCs (p<0.001) groups were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. The 24-hour and 7-day SP-D levels of both groups were also higher than the control group. The serum IL-6 levels of both groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. We have found Injury Severity Score to be independently related to 6-hour IL-6 (β=1.414, p<0.001) and 24-hour IL-6 levels (β=1.067, p<0.001). The development of complications was independently related to 6-hour SP-D level (β=0.211, p=0.047).ConclusionsRFs and PCs after BCT lead to local and systemic inflammation due to lung injury. The levels of the systemic inflammation marker IL-6 and those of the acute-phase reactant SP-D were elevated in the present study. The SP-D level may be used as a marker in the follow-up of BCT-related complications.

IL-6/STAT3/miR-34a protects against neonatal lung injury patients

“…As anti-inflammatory cytokine or long-term cytokine, it can balance the damage effect of proinflammatory cytokine or early cytokine, to play a protective effect. IL-6 can act as a cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory agent in bacterial endotoxin-induced experimental lung injury by inhibiting the generation of IL-1 by macrophage and tumor necrosis factor (6). As it has dual function of inflammation and anti-inflammation, its role is related to the contentin tissue; the normal level is beneficial for the body, and excessive generation can cause a series of inflammatory damage (23).…”

“…A549 cell was seeded at 6 well-plate (1-2x10 6 ) and miR-34a or negative control were transfected with Lipofectamine RNAiMAX Transfection Reagent (2 µl/ml) and Opti-MEM medium (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. After transfection for 48 h, A549 cell was treated by LPS (100 ng/ml) for 4 h. ELISA kits.…”

“…As a proinflammatory cytokine, IL-6 plays an important role in the inflammatory process (6). The biological function of IL-6 plays a role in signal transduction only through the formation of complex with its receptor IL-6/IL-6R/gp130 (7).…”

Incidence and related factors of hypoxia associated with elderly femoral neck fractures in the emergency department setting

“…Hypoxia with major trauma‐induced acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury is a well‐known concept 16,17 . Damage‐associated molecular patterns caused by fractures induce local and systemic inflammation with neutrophil activation and release of cytokines, leading to indirect lung injury in experimental animal models 16,18 . Therefore, femoral neck fractures might induce lung damage and, subsequently, hypoxia.…”

Lung injury after asphyxia and hemorrhagic shock in newborn piglets: Analysis of structural and inflammatory changes

“…In adult humans, blunt chest trauma leads to high serum levels of surfactant protein D (SP-D) 6 hrs, 24 hrs and 7 days after trauma and correlation between the SP-D levels and the injury severity score (ISS), as well as the development of complications was reported [22]. An elevation in serum SP-D-levels was also correlated with the mortality of patients receiving a mechanical ventilation and was described in the context of obstructive pulmonary disease, pneumonitis and pneumonia [23].…”