Investigation of tetracycline removal from aqueous solutions using halloysite/chitosan nanocomposites and halloysite nanotubes/alginate hydrogel beads

Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from water by kappa‐carrageenan and iron oxide nanoparticle‐filled poly (acrylonitrile‐co‐N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) composite gel

“…The main chain methylene proton ( CH 2 CH ) of homo PVP resonates at δ of 1.8-1.3 ppm. [40] In the copolymer this main chain ( CH 2 CH ) of VP, side chain CH 2 (5) of VP and the main chain methylene ( CH 2 CH ) of AN could not be resolved and overlaps at around 2.1 ppm as also reported elsewhere. [41] Similarly, the main chain methine ( CH 2 CH ) of AN unit resonates at δ of around 3.1 ppm.…”

“…[3,4] In fact, the presence of TC has been identified in marine sediments, surface and ground water, wastewater treatment plants, and also in drinking water. [5] The discharge of TC into the environment results in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterias through bioaccumulation in the food chains. [4] Thus, removal and complete degradation of TCs is essential to curtail its telling effect on environment.…”

“…Among these various methods adsorption is considered as the most efficient and economic process because of its (i) simple operation technique, (ii) low cost, (iii) high efficiency and (iv) environmental nontoxicity. [5] However, the adsorption process causes secondary pollution because of the requirement for safe disposal of the exhausted adsorbents loaded with TCs. Thus, adsorption combined with AOP is an efficient method for safe removal and degradation of TCs from environment.…”

“…Anirudhan et al [3] reported polypyrrole/itaconic acid hydrogel-supported iron-doped titania for adsorption and degradation of TCs. Erdem et al [5] showed halloysite/chitosan nanocomposite and halloysite nanotube/alginate hydrogel for the removal of TCs from water. Shrimp shell waste was also reported for batch adsorption of TCs from water.…”

Mechanisms of Individual and Simultaneous Adsorption of Antibiotics and Dyes onto Halloysite Nanoclay and Regeneration of Saturated Adsorbent via Cold Plasma Bubbling

“…This is mainly attributed to its morphology, chemical composition and the structural arrangement of its functional groups [ 14 ]. Indicatively for antibiotics, where the references are limited, tetracycline has been examined with various halloysite-based adsorption materials, with a maximum adsorption capacity ranging from 20.5 to 54.9 mg/g [ 15 , 16 , 17 ]; oxytetracycline has a maximum adsorption capacity of 54.9 mg/g [ 18 ] and ciprofloxacin a maximum adsorption capacity of 25.09 mg/g [ 19 ] and 21.7 mg/g [ 20 ]. The ultrahigh maximum adsorption capacity of 1297 mg/g for tetracycline and 1067.2 mg/g for chloramphenicol was achieved by in situ KOH activation of halloysite nanotubes [ 21 ].…”