Iron oxide nanoparticles (FeNPs) based magnetic hydrogels were prepared by in-situ co-precipitation of ferric/ferrous salts during copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) and N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (NVP) at different molar ratios by emulsion polymerization in the presence of different wt% of kappacarrageenan (KC) and N, N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA)crosslinker. The hydrogels were characterized by FTIR, proton and13C-NMR, XPS, XRD, DTA-TGA, DLS, VSM, UV-Visible spectroscopy, TEM, EDX, PZC, compressive strength and contact angle measurement. The network parameters of the gel networks were determined from equilibrium swelling using Flory and Rehner model. The nanocomposite gels were used for batch and column adsorption of tetracycline (TC) from water. After repeated adsorptions, the TC-loaded gels were further used for their photocatalytic degradation for safe removal. The NPs-loaded nanocomposite prepared with 5:1 AN:NVP molar ratio, 1 wt% initiator, 1 wt% MBA and 2 wt% KC showed a rejection of 90.2% and an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 38.9 mg/g for continuous adsorption of 50 mg/L TCs in water in a fixed bed of height 25 mm for an inflow rate of 20 ml/min and the same TC-loaded composite showed a photo-degradation efficiency of 86.1% in 2 h.

Polymer metal nano-composites (PMNC) were synthesized by integrating different weight percentage of chitosan (CS), N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) crosslinked poly(acrylic acid-co-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) copolymer and Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs). CuNPs were generated in situ during polymerization by reducing CuSO 4 .5H 2 O with ascorbic acid. The presence of the CuNPs in the polymer network, functionality, crystallinity, morphology, size distribution of the CuNPs, elemental composition, thermal characteristics, network parameters, pH sensitivity, and strength of the composites was evaluated. The CuNP-loaded PMNC4 composite prepared with 10:1 acrylic acid : hydroxyethyl methacrylate molar ratio, 1 wt% each of initiator and MBA crosslinker and 4 wt% CS showed a photodegradation efficiency of 64% in 5 h for 50 mg/L methyl violet dye in water.The same polymer showed a rejection of 91.45% and a mass transfer coefficient of 4.14 Â 10 À5 cm/s for continuous adsorption of 20 mg/L Pb(II) ion in water in a fixed bed of height 22 mm for an inflow rate of 30 ml/min.

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