Investigation of the amount of transdermal exposure of newborn babies to phthalates in paper diapers and certification of the safety of paper diapers

Ishii, Satoko; Katagiri, Ritsuko; Minobe, Yasushi; Kuribara, Isamu; Wada, Takeharu; Wada, Mitsuhiro; Imai, Shigeo

doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.06.010

Cited by 30 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In Ishii's study [5,21], seven different phthalates were quantified from the topsheet of diapers using artificial sweat and urine as eluents. The eluted liquid was extracted using dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).…”

Section: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eluted liquid was extracted using dichloromethane and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The quantified contents were processed to produce daily exposure per body weight, taking an estimate of transdermal absorption rate of phthalates [5]. After the exposure assessment, risk characterization was conducted by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE), the ratio of a daily exposure to a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL); as MOEs were greater than 1000, it was concluded that the tested diapers were safe from phthalate exposure [5].…”

Section: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantified contents were processed to produce daily exposure per body weight, taking an estimate of transdermal absorption rate of phthalates [5]. After the exposure assessment, risk characterization was conducted by calculating the margin of exposure (MOE), the ratio of a daily exposure to a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL); as MOEs were greater than 1000, it was concluded that the tested diapers were safe from phthalate exposure [5]. The test was performed only on the topsheet, thus the phthalate contents could be underestimated as phthalates beneath the topsheet were not counted in the study.…”

Section: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, potential hazards associated with process aids and solvents were investigated for human health risks. For example, phthalates [5] that are used as plasticizers of polymers and chlorine compounds [1,6,7] that are used as bleaching agents are identified as potential hazards, and as the absorbent pads are worn in a prolonged skin contact, the safety assurance of products has been regarded significant. [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Five pads/day is referred from Woeller and Hochwalt's study [14], while 7.5 pads/day is referred from Korean MFDS [54]. 5 Data based on Korean MFDS [54]. 6 Data based on Proctor & Gamble consumer research referenced in Rai et al's study [53].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Safety Evaluation of Absorbent Hygiene Pads: A Review on Assessment Framework and Test Methods

2018

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Disposable absorbent hygiene products have evolved for superior performance, enhancing the convenience of daily lives. However, the use of disposable hygiene pads has brought safety concerns on chemical exposure, and significant efforts have been made to assess the potential risks associated with use of hygiene pads. This article intends to overview the safety assessment framework of diapers and feminine pads, which includes hazard identification, hazard characterization, exposure assessment, risk characterization, and post-market risk management. Risk assessment of various constituents are reviewed for quantification methods and conservative estimation of exposure parameters. By reviewing the up-to-date considerations in risk assessment, we aim to provide insightful discussion on safety evaluation of current versions of disposable absorbent products. More clinical testing and post-market surveillance are needed for continuous monitoring of potential health impacts of advanced products and constituents.

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Section: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure Assessment and Risk Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%