Investigation of the association between ten pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases and high‑risk human papilloma virus infection in Shanghai

Abstract

Cervical cancer, one of the high-incidence female malignant tumors, has predominated in recent years. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the main cause of cervical cancer. Studies have shown that infection with certain sexually transmitted disease (STD) pathogens increases the risk of persistent infection with HR-HPV and is a high-risk factor for cervical cancer. In the present study, cervical specimens were collected for Thinprep cytology test detection, while DNA of cervical cells was extracted for HPV genotyping and detection of 10 STD pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae , Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Ureaplasma urealyticum , Ureaplasma urealyticum parvum (Uup)1, Uup3, Uup6, Uup14, Mycoplasma hominis (Mh), Mycoplasma genitalium (Mg) and herpes simplex virus II. Significant differences were observed between CT, Mh and Mg infections and HR-HPV infection (P<0.05). In addition, CT, Uup3, Uup6 and Mh infections were associated with HR-HPV infection (odds ratio >1; P<0.05). In the comparison of Uup3, Uup6 and Mg infections between the cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) group and the control group, statistically significant differences were observed (P<0.05). In conclusion, the incidences of CT, Mh and Mg infections were similar with HR-HPV infection. CT, Uup6, Mh and Mg infections were risk factors for HR-HPV infection. Finally, Uup3, Uup6 and Mg were risk factors of CIN.

Association between human papillomavirus infection and common sexually transmitted infections, and the clinical significance of different Mycoplasma subtypes

“…Similarly, a study of 480 patients found that UP14 and HR-HPV coinfection increased HSIL and cervical cancer risks, as did UP1 coinfection ( Wang et al., 2019 ). A retrospective study of 668 patients found that UP6 infection was a risk factor for both HR-HPV infection and CIN, and that UP3 infection was a risk factor for CIN ( Xie et al., 2021 ). Moreover, the possible role of UP in other illnesses has been investigated.…”

Risk factors and communities disproportionately affected by cervical cancer in the Russian Federation: A national population-based study

“… 32 , 33 Co-occurring STIs also increase the persistence of high-risk HPV subtypes as well as cervical cancer development. 34 , 35 , 27 , 28 , 29 Thus, as part of cervical cancer prevention, it is important to screen for and treat other STIs early. High-incidence cervical cancer regions in the western part of Russia included Republic of Karelia (30.82 cases/100,000), Kaliningrad Oblast (23.51/100,000), Pskov Oblast (28.17/100,000), Novgorod Oblast (23.69/100,000), Smolensk Oblast (22.98/100,000), Tver Oblast (23.63/100,000), and Vologda Oblast (24.57/100,000 females).…”

Mycoplasma genitalium and Chlamydia trachomatis infection among women in Southwest China: a retrospective study

“…Previous research suggested that the infection rate of MG increased significantly in women exposed to HPV infection [35] . Similarly, Li Xie et al revealed that CT was a risk factor for high-risk HPV infection and MG was also a risk factor for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [36]. Therefore, the relationship between MG or CT infection and high-risk HPV infection needs to be further explored, and the research population should be expanded, not limited to gynecological patients.…”